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2026 Vol.35, Issue 2 Preview Page

Original Articles

Effects of Intermittent Lighting Conditions on Growth and Photosynthetic Acclimation Responses in Lettuce

간헐적 조명 조건이 상추의 생장 및 광합성 적응 반응에 미치는 영향

Jeong-In Choi1
,
Myeong-yong Kang1
,
Sang-Min Kim1
,
Oluwasegun Moses Ogundele2
,
Hyeon-tae Kim3*
최 정인1
,
강 명용1
,
김 상민1
,
오군델레 올루와세군 모세스2
,
김 현태3*
1Graduate Student, Department of Smartfarm, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
2Graduate Student, Department of Bio-systems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
3Professor, Department of Bio-industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Smart Space Agriculture (ISSA)), Jinju 52828, Korea
1경상국립대학교 스마트팜학과 대학원생
2경상국립대학교 바이오시스템공학과 대학원생
3경상국립대학교 생물산업기계공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
30 April 2026. pp. 67-76
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Abstract

Light is a critical environmental factor regulating photosynthesis, growth, and morphogenesis in plants; however, beyond total light quantity, the temporal configuration of light-dark cycles play an important role in determining growth performance. This study investigated lettuce growth responses and photosystem II (PSII) photosynthetic adaptation under different photoperiod conditions (L12/D12, L6/D6, and L1/D1). Growth parameters, including fresh weight, leaf area, and plant height, were highest under the L12/D12 photoperiod, whereas the L6/D6 treatment showed significant growth suppression throughout the experimental period. The L1/D1 treatment maintained an intermediate level of growth. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed distinct PSII responses among photoperiod treatments. The L6/D6 treatment exhibited a consistent decrease in fluorescence intensity in the J–I–P phase of the OJIP curve, accompanied by reductions in PI, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, RC/CSm, and ETo/RC, indicating impaired PSII function and restricted electron transport capacity. In contrast, the L1/D1 treatment showed increases in early stress-related indices such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC, Vj, and Mo, while maintaining relatively stable electron transport efficiency and integrated performance indices, suggesting rapid damage-repair cycling under short intermittent light exposure. Under the L12/D12 treatment, PSII parameters remained largely stable throughout the experimental period. Correlation analysis further demonstrated that under the L1/D1 condition, strong relationships were observed for Fo－Fm (r = 0.90), Vj－PI (r = －0.37), and Mo－PI (r = －0.93), highlighting the influence of early electron transport limitations on overall PSII performance. Under the L6/D6 h condition, strong negative correlations were detected between ABS/RC and PI (r = －0.81) and between DIo/CS and PI (r = －0.83), reflecting increased energy dissipation and photoinhibition. In contrast, under the L12/D12 condition, strong positive correlations were maintained between Fo and RC/CSm (r = 0.93) and between ETo/TRo and RC/CSm (r = 0.82). Overall, these findings demonstrate that photoperiod temporal structure, beyond total light quantity alone, is a key determinant of lettuce growth performance and quality through its influence on PSII adaptive responses. This study provides a physiological basis for optimizing photoperiod design in artificial lighting-based plant factory systems.

Keywords
chlorophyll fluorescence
o-j-i-p transient
photoperiod
plant factory lighting
PSII electron transport

본 연구는 서로 다른 광주기 조건(L12/D12, L6/D6, L1/D1)에서 상추의 생육 반응과 광계 II(PSII)의 광합성 적응 특성을 조사하였다. 빛은 식물의 광합성, 생장 및 형태형성을 조절하는 핵심 환경 요인이지만, 총 광량뿐만 아니라 명암 주기의 시간적 구성 역시 생육 성과를 결정하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 생육 지표 분석 결과 생체중, 엽면적, 초장은 L12/D12 광주기에서 가장 높았으며, L6/D6 처리구에서는 실험 기간 전반에 걸쳐 유의한 생육 저해가 관찰되었다. L1/D1 처리구는 중간 수준의 생육을 유지하였다. 엽록소 형광 분석에서는 광주기 처리 간 PSII 반응의 뚜렷한 차이가 확인되었다. L6/D6 처리구에서는 OJIP 유도 곡선의 J–I–P 구간에서 형광 강도가 지속적으로 감소하였고 PI, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, RC/CSm, ETo/RC의 감소가 동반되어 PSII 기능 저하 및 전자전달 능력의 제한을 시사하였다. 반면, L1/D1처리구에서는 ABS/RC, DIo/RC, Vj, Mo와 같은 초기 스트레스 관련 지표가 증가했음에도 불구하고 전자전달 효율과 통합 성능 지표는 비교적 안정적으로 유지되어 짧은 간헐적 광 노출 조건에서의 빠른 손상－복구 순환 메커니즘을 반영하는 것으로 해석된다. L12/D12 처리구에서는 실험 기간 동안 PSII 관련 지표들이 전반적으로 안정적인 상태를 유지하였다. 상관분석 결과 L1/D1 조건에서는 Fo－Fm(r = 0.90), Vj－PI(r = －0.37), Mo－PI(r = －0.93) 간에 강한 상관관계가 나타나 초기 전자전달 단계의 제한이 전체 PSII 성능에 큰 영향을 미침을 보여주었다. L6/D6 조건에서는 ABS/RC와 PI(r = －0.81), DIo/CS와 PI(r = －0.83) 간에 강한 음의 상관관계가 관찰되어, 에너지 소산 증가와 광저해의 심화를 반영하였다. 반면, L12/D12 조건에서는 Fo와 RC/CSm(r = 0.93), ETo/TRo와 RC/CSm(r = 0.82) 간에 강한 양의 상관관계가 유지되었다. 종합적으로, 본 연구 결과는 총 광량만이 아니라 광주기의 시간적 구조가 PSII 적응 반응을 통해 상추의 생육 성과와 품질을 결정하는 주요 요인임을 명확히 보여준다. 본 연구는 인공광 기반 식물공장 시스템에서 최적의 광주기 설계를 위한 생리학적 근거를 제공한다.

키워드
광계 II 전자전달
광주기
식물공장 조명
엽록소 형광
O–J–I–P 유도곡선
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 35
  • No :2
  • Pages :67-76
  • Received Date : 2026-02-19
  • Revised Date : 2026-03-29
  • Accepted Date : 2026-03-31
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2026.35.2.067
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