Fruit Set and Yield Enhancement in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Using Gibberellic Acid and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray

Binod Prasad Luitel; Taek Jong Lee; Won Hee Kang

doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2015.24.1.027

All Issue

2015 Vol.24, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Fruit Set and Yield Enhancement in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Using Gibberellic Acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray 지베렐린과 2,4-D 처리를 이용한 토마토 착과율 및 수확량 증가

31 January 2015. pp. 27-33

PDF XML

Abstract

High temperature stress in summer season at plastic house is a limiting factor for tomato fruit set and yield. This study was performed to assess the effects of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and 2,4-Dichlophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) spray on fruit set, yield, and quality of tomato cv. ‘Adoration’(Enza Zaden Co., Ltd.) under the plastic house in Hwacheon, 2011. Four concentrations (0-, 5-, 10- and 15mg·L⁻¹) of GA₃, and three concentrations (0-, 5- and 10mg·L⁻¹) 2,4-D were sprayed in early flowering of tomato in the plastic house, and fruit set, yield and quality characters were observed. The results showed that spray of 10mg·L⁻¹ GA₃ significantly increased the fruit set by 14.2% than unsprayed. The spray of GA₃ significantly increased the marketable fruit number, fruit weight, and yield. The spray of 2,4-D on blossoms significantly affected the fruit set percentage, fruit weight, marketable fruit weight and yield, and the highest fruit set observed as 62.5% in combined spray of GA₃ and 2,4-D at each 5mg·L⁻¹. Fruit size and total soluble solids significantly varied with the concentrations of GA₃ sprayed. The result indicates that the spray of 10mg·L⁻¹ GA₃ and 5mg·L⁻¹ 2,4-D can be more economic and effective to increase the fruit set, and yield in tomato under high temperature condition in plastic house.

Keywords

blossoms

fruit set

gibberellic acid

2,4-Dichlophenoxy acetic acid

total soluble solid

토마토의 착과와 수확량은 여름철 비닐하우스내 고온스트레스로 인하여 감소하게 된다. 본 연구는 여름철 화 천지역에 위치한 비닐하우스에서 지베렐린(GA₃)과 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid(2,4-D) 처리가 토마토의 수확량, 착과율, 착과 후 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 ‘Adoration‘ 품종을 이용하여 실험하였다. GA₃ 0-, 5-, 10-, 15mg·L⁻¹와 2,4-D 0-, 5-, 10mg·L⁻¹를 개화 초기에 처리한 후 착과율, 수확량, 과실품질과 관 련된 형질을 관찰한 결과, GA₃ 10mg·L⁻¹처리구에서 대조구에 비해 14.2%의 착과율 증가를 보였다. GA₃처리구 에서는 수확량, 과중, 상품과실 수에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 2,4-D를 개화기에 처리했을 경우 착과율, 수확량, 상품과의 과중에 영향을 미쳤으며 GA₃과 2,4-D를 각각 5mg·L⁻¹ 농도로 혼합처리 하였을 때 가장 높은(62.5%) 착과율을 나타내었다. 과실크기와 고형물함량은 GA₃처리구에서만 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 따라서 여름철 비닐하우스의 고온조건에서 GA₃ 0mg·L⁻¹처리구와 2,4-D 5mg·L⁻¹를 처리했을 때 착과율이 가장 높아 많은 수 확량을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드

개화기

착과

지베렐린

2,4-D

고형물

References

REFERENCES

W Anwar, T Aziz, F Naveed and ST Sahi, Soil Environ, Foliar applied 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid improved tomato growth and yield, 29; 77-81 (2010)

U Batlang, J. Biol. Sci, Benzyladenine plus gibberellins (GA4+7) increase fruit size and yield in greenhouse-grown hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), 8; 659-662 (2008)

AN Erickson and AH Markhart, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, Flower production, fruit set and physiology of bell pepper during elevated temperature and vapor pressure deficit, 126; 697-702 (2001)

D Gelmesa, B Abebie and L Desalegn, J. Plant Breed Crop Sci, Effects of gibberellic acid and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid spray on fruit yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), 10; 316-324 (2010)

M Gemici, A Guve and AK Yurekli, Turk. J. Bot, Effect of some growth regulators and commercial preparations on the chlorophyll content and mineral nutrition of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., 24; 215-219 (2000)

M Gemici, B Turkyilmaz and K Tan, J. Food Sci, Effect of 2,4-D and 4-CPA on yield and quality of the tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, 29; 24-32 (2006)

10.3109/09637487009143962

G Gillaspy, H Ben-David and W Gruissem, The Plant Cell, Fruits: a developmental perspective, 5(10); 1439-1451 (1993)

10.1105/tpc.5.10.143912271039PMC160374

HD Graham and M Ballesteros, J. Food Sci, Effect of plant growth regulators on plant nutrients, 45; 502-505 (2006)

10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb04086.x

K Kataoka, Y Yashiro, T Habu, K Sunamoto and A Kitajima, Sci. Hort, The addition of gibberellic acid to auxin solutions increases sugar accumulation and sink strength In developing auxin-induced parthenocarpic tomato fruits, 123; 228-233 (2009)

10.2503/jjshs.74.228

MMA Khan, AC Gautam, F Mohammad, MH Siddiqui, M Naeem and MN Khan, Turk. J. Biol, Effect of gibberellic acid spray on performance of tomato, 30; 11-16 (2006)

HC Wien, The Physiology of Vegetable CropsTomato, 00; 207-248, CAB International. (1997)

CG Kuo and CT Tsai, HortScience, Alternation by high temperature of auxin and gibberellin concentration in the floral buds, flowers and young fruit of tomato, 19; 870-872 (1984)

BP Luitel, PB Adhikari, CS Yoon and WH Kang, Hort. Environ. Biotechnol, Yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars established at different planting bed size and growing substrates, 53; 102-107 (2012)

10.1007/s13580-012-0103-6

PA Minges and LK Mann, California Agriculture, Improving tomato fruit set: Use of hormone spray treatment for improvement of fruit set for spring and early summer harvest, 8 (1949)

WR Mullison and E Mullsion, Botanical Gazette, Effects of several plant growth-regulators on fruit set, yield and blossom-end rot of six tomato varieties grown under high temperatures, 109; 501-506 (1948)

10.1086/335500

N Naeem, M Ishtiaq, P Khan, N Mohammad, J Khan and B Jamiher, J. Biol. Sci, Effect of gibberellic acid on growth and yield of tomato cv. Roma, 6; 448-450 (2001)

T Pandolfini, GL Rotino, S Camerini, R Defez and A Spena, BMC Biol, Optimization of transgene action at the posttranscriptional level: High quality parthenocarpic fruits in industrial tomatoes, 2; 1-11 (2002)

MM Peet, DH Willits and R Gardner, J. Exp. Bot, Response of ovule development and post-pollen production processes in male-sterile tomatoes to chronic, acute high temperature stress, 48; 101-111 (1997)

10.1093/jxb/48.1.101

JPS Pudir and PK Yadav, Curr. Agric, Note on the effect of GA₃, NAA and 2,4-D on growth, yield and quality of tomato var. Punjab Chuhara, 25; 137-138 (2001)

MG Rasul, MAK Mian, Y Cho, Y Ozaki and H Okubo, J. Fac. Agr. Kyushu Univ, Application of plant growth regulators on the parthenocarpic fruit development in Teasle Gourd (Kakrol, Momordica diocia Roxb), 53; 39-42 (2008)

SK Sanwal, KS Baswana and HR Dhingra, Ann. Biol, High temperature tolerance in egg plant: Stigma, anther and pollen studies, 13; 123-125 (1997)

H Sasaki, T Yano and A Yamasaki, Japan Agr. Res. Q, Reduction of high temperature inhibition in fruit set by plant growth regulators, 39; 135-138 (2005)

10.6090/jarq.39.135

JC Serrani, M Fos, A Atare's and JL Garcia-martinez, J. Plant Growth Regul, Effect of gibberellins and auxin on parthenocarpic fruit growth induction in the cv. Micro-Tom of tomato, 26; 211-221 (2007)

10.1007/s00344-007-9014-7

JC Soon, IS Kim and YK Chang, Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci, Effect of several growth regulators on inhibition of puffy-fruit, sugar and organic acid in tomatoes, 13; 100-101 (1995)

L Taiz and E Zeiger, 3rd ed. Plant physiology, 690, USA. Sinaure. Associates, Inc. (2002)

PV Vara Prasad and PQRJ Craufurd, Ann. Bot, Fruit number in relation to pollen production and viability in groundnut exposed to short episodes of heat stress., 84; 381- 386 (1999)

10.1006/anbo.1999.0926

J Wilcox, G Catignani and C Lazarus, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr, Tomatoes and cardiovascular health., 43; 1-18 (2003)

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
Journal Title :Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory
Journal Title(Ko) :시설원예ㆍ식물공장
Volume : 24
No :1
Pages :27-33
Received Date : 2014-12-22
Revised Date : 2015-02-10
Accepted Date : 2015-02-22
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2015.24.1.027

Journal of Bio-Environment Control ISSN:1229-4675(Print) 2765-3641(Online) 생물환경조절학회지

All Issue

REFERENCES