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2026 Vol.35, Issue 2 Preview Page

Original Articles

Research Trends and Perspectives on Climate Change-Related Crop Studies Using Temperature Gradient Greenhouses

온도구배하우스를 이용한 기후변화 대응 작물 연구 동향 및 전망

Jaehyung Ko1
,
Wonyoung Yang1
,
Jong-Suk Park2
,
Teag Kwon3
,
Joonwoo Lee45
,
Kyoung Sub Park6
,
Sewoong An7*
고 재형1
,
양 원용1
,
박 종숙2
,
권 택3
,
이 준우45
,
박 경섭6
,
안 세웅7*
1Researcher, Smart Agriculture Team, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gimje 54324, Korea
2Senior Researcher, Smart Agriculture Team, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gimje 54324, Korea
3Senior Technical Advisor, Smart Agriculture Team, Jeonbuk State Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Iksan 54591, Korea
4Professor, Department of Smart Farm, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
5Professor, Institute of Agricultural Science &Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
6Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea
7Professor, Department of Horticulture, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju54874, Korea
1전북특별자치도농업기술원 농업연구사
2전북특별자치도농업기술원 농업연구관
3전북특별자치도농업기술원 농촌지도관
4전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 스마트팜학과 교수
5전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 교수
6국립목포대학교 생명·의과학대학 원예과학과 교수
7한국농수산대학교 원예학부 교수
*Corresponding Author
30 April 2026. pp. 77-89
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Abstract

A temperature gradient greenhouse (TGG) is an experimental facility designed to generate a continuous longitudinal air-temperature gradient within a single greenhouse under natural light, thereby enabling the concurrent evaluation of crop responses across temperature levels under comparable radiation conditions. This paper summarizes the definition, structural features, and principles governing thermal-gradient formation and control in TGG, and synthesizes representative domestic and international studies that have used TGG-based systems to investigate crop responses relevant to climate change. Across studies, moderate warming generally accelerated crop growth and phenological development; however, temperatures exceeding crop- and ecotype-specific thresholds imposed physiological constraints, including reductions in photosynthetic capacity, disruption of stomatal regulation, and lower water-use efficiency. These limitations constrained assimilate partitioning and sink development, resulting in yield loss and quality deterioration, particularly during reproductive and yield-forming stages. Importantly, crop responses to temperature were typically nonlinear and characterized by critical thresholds rather than simple linear trends. TGG has structural and operational limitations, including vertical temperature heterogeneity, reduced photosynthetically active radiation due to cladding materials, and constraints in independent humidity and CO2 control; accordingly, it can be interpreted as an intermediate experimental platform positioned between the high field representativeness of FACE and the high environmental control precision of SPAR. We highlight the value of TGG for identifying stage-specific temperature sensitivities and nonlinear response functions, and discuss its potential contributions to crop modeling, production vulnerability assessment, and the development of climate-change adaptation strategies.

Keywords
climate change
crop temperature response
temperature gradient greenhouse
thermal environment control
yield and quality

TGG는 자연광 조건에서 단일 시설 내에 연속적인 공기 온도 구배를 형성함으로써, 동일한 광환경에서 작물의 온도 반응을 단계적으로 비교·분석할 수 있도록 설계된 기후변화 연구시설이다. 본 논문은 TGG의 정의와 구조적 특징, 열수지 기반 온도구배 형성 원리를 정리하고, 1970년대 실험 개념 정립에서 사전 공조형 시스템 및 CFD 기반 검증에 이르는 기술적 발전 과정을 고찰하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내·외에서 수행된 TGG 기반 작물 연구 사례를 생육·발달, 생리적 스트레스, 수량·품질 반응으로 구분하여 종합하고, TGG의 구조적·기술적 한계를 분석한 후 SPAR, FACE, OTC와의 비교를 통해 각 시설의 상대적 특성을 검토하였다.

선행 연구들에 따르면, 온도 상승은 작물의 생육 속도와 발달 단계 진행을 가속화하는 경향을 보였으나, 작물 및 생태형별 임계 온도를 초과할 경우 광합성 기능 저하, 기공 조절 이상, 수분 이용 효율 감소가 공통적으로 나타났다. 이러한 생리적 변화는 동화산물 분배 효율과 저장 기관 발달을 제약하여, 개화기와 수량 형성기를 중심으로 수량 감소와 품질 저하로 이어지는 단계-특이적 반응을 유발하였다. 다수의 연구에서 작물의 온도 반응은 선형적 증가가 아닌 임계점을 갖는 비선형적 특성을 나타내는 것으로 보고되었다.

TGG는 열환경 제어의 불균일성, 피복재에 의한 광 감소, 습도 및 CO2의 독립 제어 한계가 존재하며, FACE의 포장 재현성과 SPAR의 제어 정밀성 사이에 위치하는 중간형 시설로 해석할 수 있다. 향후 TGG에서 축적된 온도 반응 데이터는 DSSAT, APSIM 등 작물 모델의 온도 반응 계수 보정에 활용될 수 있으며, 온도와 수분 스트레스를 조합한 복합 환경 실험의 확대, 그리고 SPAR·FACE와의 상호보완적 연계를 통해 기후변화 조건에서의 작물 생산 취약성 평가와 적응 전략 수립에 실증적 근거를 제공하는 연구 시설로 발전할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
기후변화
수량 및 품질
열환경 제어
온도구배하우스
작물 온도 반응
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 35
  • No :2
  • Pages :77-89
  • Received Date : 2026-02-19
  • Revised Date : 2026-03-20
  • Accepted Date : 2026-03-31
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2026.35.2.077
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