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Original Articles

Changing patterns of Bioactive Compounds according to the Ripening Stages of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) with Different Fruit Skin Colors

과색이 다른 딸기 과실의 성숙단계에 따른 생리활성물질 변화

Nam-Jun Kang1*
강 남준1*
1Department of Horticulture, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
1경상국립대학교 원예과학부
*Corresponding Author
31 July 2025. pp. 283-297
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Abstract

As a result of analyzing bioactive compounds according to the maturity stage of strawberry fruits, there was no difference in callistephine content according to the extraction solvent and tended to increase as the maturity stage progressed. There was a difference in accumulation patterns between cultivars with different fruit colors, but the callistephin content of the red strawberry, Seolhyang, was high, while the pink strawberry, Manyeonsel, tended to be low. The extraction efficiency of cyanidine-3-glucoide was higher when water was used as the extraction solvent than ethanol, which was the highest in the green stages in both cultivars and tended to decrease as the maturity stage progressed. The (+)-catechin content according to the maturity stage showed the highest content in the green stages overall, and tended to decrease as the maturity stage progressed. The extraction efficiency of (+)-catechin was good in ethanol, and the (+)-catechin content according to the maturity stage was generally high in the green stages and tended to decrease as the maturity stage progressed. The catechin content in green stages of Manyeonsel was 205.3 mg per 100 g of dry weight, which was very high compared to 115.6 mg in the Seolhyang. The extraction efficiency of epi-catechin was better in water than in ethanol, and the content of epi-catechin tended to be higher in Seolhyang than in Manyeonsel. When extracted with water, the epi-catechin content of Seolhyang increased 16.0-fold from 15.7 mg per 100g dry weight in green stages to 250.3 mg in mature stages, and 3.1-fold from 50.1 mg to 154.2 mg in Manyeonsel. The content of quercetin-3-glucoside tended to be higher when ethanol was used as an extraction solvent than water, and it was 12.2 and 15.7 mg per 100 g of dry weight in Seolhyang and Manyeonsel, respectively, in the highest-content green stages. Quercetin had a higher extraction efficiency from ethanol than water, which tended to be slightly higher, at 2.5 mg in the mature stages of Seolhyang, while at 3.2 mg in Manyeonsel. The extraction efficiency of chlorogenic acid was higher in water than in ethanol, and the content was highest in the green stages and tended to decrease as maturation progressed. When extracted with water, the content in the green stages of Seolhyang and Manyeonsel decreased by 45.3 and 33.9%, from 14.8 and 18.9 mg, respectively, to 8.1 and 12.5 mg during the mature stages, respectively. The content of ellagic acid tended to be higher when water was used as an extraction solvent than ethanol, but there was no difference in content according to maturity stages in the two cultivars. The cinchonine was more efficient in extraction from water than ethanol and tended to increase as the maturation stage progressed in both varieties, the highest at 148.6 mg per 100 g of dry weight in the mature stages of the Manyeonsel.

Keywords
bioactive compounds
pink strawberry
red strawberry
ripening stages

딸기 과실의 성숙단계에 따른 생리활성물질을 분석한 결과, 칼리스태핀 함량은 추출용매에 따른 차이가 없었으며 성숙단계가 진전될수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 과실색이 다른 품종간의 축적 양상은 차이가 있었는데 빨간색 딸기인 설향의 칼리스태핀 함량은 높은 반면 분홍색 딸기인 만년설은 함량이 낮은 경향을 보였다. 시아니딘-3-글루코아이드 함량은 에탄올보다는 물을 추출용매로 사용할 경우가 높았는데, 두 품종에서 녹숙기에서 가장 높았으며 성숙단계가 진전될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 카테킨의 추출 효율은 에탄올에서 좋았으며, 성숙단계에 따른 카테킨 함량은 전반적으로 녹숙기에서 높았으며 성숙단계가 진전될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 만년설의 녹숙기 카테킨 함량은 건물 100g 당 205.3mg으로 설향의 115.6mg에 비해 아주 높은 경향을 보였다. 에피카테킨의 추출 효율은 에탄올보다는 물이 좋았으며, 에피카테킨의 함량은 만년설보다는 설향에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 물로 추출할 경우에 설향의 에피카테킨 함량이 녹숙기의 건물 100g 당 15.7mg에서 완숙기에는 250.3mg으로 16.0배 증가하였고 만년설에서는 50.1mg에서 153.9mg으로 3,1 배 증가하였다. 퀘르세틴-3-글루코사이드는 물보다는 추출용매로 에탄올을 사용할 경우에 높은 경향을 보였으며 함량이 가장 높았던 완숙기에서 설향과 만년설에서 건물 100g 당 각각 12.2와 15.7mg 수준이었다. 퀘르세틴은 물보다는 에탄올에서 추출효율이 높았는데, 설향의 완숙기에는 2.5mg 수준인 반면 만년설에서는 3.2mg으로 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 클로로겐산의 추출 효율은 에탄올보다는 물에서 높았으며 함량은 녹숙기에서 가장 높았고 성숙이 진전될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 물로 추출할 경우에 설향과 만년설의 녹숙기 함량은 각각 14.8mg과 18.9mg에서 완숙기에는 8.1과 12.5mg 수준으로 각각 45.3과 33.9% 감소하였다. 엘라그산은 에탄올보다는 물을 추출용매로 사용할 경우에 다소 높은 경향을 보였는데 두 품종에서 성숙단계에 따른 함량 차이는 없었다. 신코닌은 에탄올보다는 물에서 추출효율이 높았고 두 품종에서 성숙단계가 진전될수록 증가하는 경향을 보였는데, 만년설의 완숙기에서 건물 100g 당 148.6mg으로 가장 높았다.

키워드
분홍색 딸기
빨간색 딸기
생리활성물질
성숙단계
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :3
  • Pages :283-297
  • Received Date : 2025-06-17
  • Accepted Date : 2025-07-09
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2025.34.3.283
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