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Original Articles

Analysis of Energy Load according to Design Variables of Building-integrated Rooftop Greenhouse using Building Energy Simulation

건물 에너지 시뮬레이션을 활용한 건물 통합형 옥상온실의 설계변수에 따른 에너지 부하 분석

Jin-seok Lee1
,
In-bok Lee23
,
Da-in Jeong4
,
Jeong-hwa Cho5
,
Hyo-hyeog Jeong6
,
Young-bae Choi7*
이 진석1
,
이 인복23
,
정 다인4
,
조 정화5
,
정 효혁6
,
최 영배7*
1Researcher, Department of Rural Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
2Professor, Department of Rural Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
3Professor, Research Institute of Green Eco Engineering, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1477, Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea
4Student, Department of Rural Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
5Post Doctor, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials Department of Urban Environment Research, Eco-friendly Energy & Environment Research Division, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
6Doctoral Student, Department of Rural Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
7Post Doctor, Department of Rural Systems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
1서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 생태조경･지역시스템공학과 연구원
2서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 생태조경･지역시스템공학과 교수
3서울대학교 그린바이오과학기술원 녹색환경공학 연구소 교수
4서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 생태조경･지역시스템공학과 학부생
5한국기계연구원 친환경에너지연구본부 도시환경연구실 박사 후 연구원
6서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 생태조경･지역시스템공학과 박사과정
7서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 생태조경･지역시스템공학과 박사 후 연구원
*Corresponding Author
30 April 2025. pp. 169-180
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Abstract

Rooftop greenhouses are gaining attention as a form of urban agriculture that saves energy. Both greenhouses and buildings require heating and cooling to maintain the indoor environment. Integrated system operation of buildings and greenhouses can reduce costs by sharing facilities and utilize energy by transferring energy between buildings and greenhouses. Energy performance evaluation studies of various integrated system have been conducted using building energy simulation, but verification and design parameter analysis of actual integrated systems are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate energy savings according to design variables through building energy simulation. The field experiment was conducted in a rooftop greenhouse in Seongsu-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea. The indoor temperature data was used to validate the building energy simulation model, which showed a result of R2 = 0.91. The effects of the design variables were then quantitatively analyzed. The energy load tended to decrease when the integrated system was operated than when it was operated independently. It is considered that the energy load can be reduced when installing an integrated system, and urban agriculture can become an efficient energy utilization system. When the thermal infiltration rate of the building's roof was increased from 0.251 W/m2-K to 1.535 W/m2-K, weakening the insulation performance, the energy load of the rooftop greenhouse and the top floor of the building tended to decrease. When installing an integrated system, designing it to increase the heat exchange at the boundary is considered favorable for reducing the energy load. When the rooftop greenhouse area was increased by 2.53 times, the energy load per unit area tended to decrease. Although the amount of energy load increases due to the increase in greenhouse area, it is judged that the energy load reduction of the integrated system is possible due to the increase in heat exchange between the building and the greenhouse. The results of this study can be utilized as a resource for reducing energy load through integrated systems. In future research, additional measures will be needed to utilize rooftop greenhouses as a solution to energy and food problems due to climate change.

Keywords
building energy consumption
energy efficiency
urban agriculture

식량 운송 과정에서 발생하는 온실가스는 전 세계 온실가스 배출량의 15분의 1 수준이다. 식량이 이동하는 거리를 줄여 푸드 마일리지를 절감하는 것은 도시의 지속 가능성과 회복력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 옥상 온실은 푸드 마일리지를 감소시키고 에너지를 절감하는 도시농업의 한 형태로 주목받고 있다. 온실과 건물 모두 실내 환경을 유지하기 위해 냉난방이 요구된다. 건물과 온실의 통합 시스템 운영은 설비 공유로 인한 비용 절감, 건물과 온실 간 에너지 이동으로 인한 에너지 활용이 가능하다. 건물 에너지 시뮬레이션을 이용해 다양한 통합 시스템 에너지 성능 평가 연구가 수행되었지만, 실제 통합 시스템에 대한 검증과 설계변수 분석은 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 건물 에너지 시뮬레이션을 통해 옥상온실의 설치 유무, 옥상의 단열 성능 및 설치 면적에 따른 에너지 절감을 평가하고자 하였다. 현장 실험은 서울특별시 성동구 성수동의 옥상온실에서 수행되었다. 측정한 실내 온도를 통해 건물 에너지 시뮬레이션의 모델을 검증하였고 R2 = 0.91의 결과를 보였다. 이후 설계변수가 에너지 부하에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 통합 시스템을 운영하는 경우, 독립적으로 운영하는 경우보다 에너지 부하량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 통합 시스템 설치 시 에너지 부하 절감 효과가 있으며, 효율적인 에너지 이용을 하는 도시농업이 될 수 있다고 사료된다. 건물 옥상의 열관류율을 0.251W/m2·K에서 1.535W/m2·K로 증가시켜 단열 성능을 약화시킨 경우, 옥상온실과 건물 최상층의 에너지 부하는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 통합 시스템 설치 시 경계면의 열 교환이 증가하도록 설계하는 것이 에너지 부하 절감에 유리하다고 판단된다. 옥상온실 면적을 2.53배 증가시켰을 때 단위면적당 에너지 부하는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 온실 면적 증가로 인해 에너지 부하량은 증가하지만, 건물과 온실의 열 교환이 증가하여 통합 시스템의 에너지 부하 절감이 가능하다고 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 통합 시스템을 통한 에너지 부하 절감을 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후 연구에서는 기후 변화에 따른 에너지, 식량 문제의 해결 대책으로 옥상온실을 활용하기 위해서 추가적인 방안이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
건물 에너지 소비
도시농업
에너지 효율성
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :2
  • Pages :169-180
  • Received Date : 2025-04-21
  • Accepted Date : 2025-04-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2025.34.2.169
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