All Issue

2025 Vol.34, Issue 1 Preview Page

Original Articles

Improvement of Harvest Maturity and Container for Enhancing Marketability of ‘Kuemsil’ Strawberry for Export

수출용 ‘금실’ 딸기 상품성 향상을 위한 수확숙도, 수확용기 개선

Jae Uk An1*
,
Eun Jee Park1
,
Kyong Hee Joung1
,
Se won Ha1
,
Hae Suk Yoon2
안 재욱1*
,
박 은지1
,
정 경희1
,
하 세원1
,
윤 혜숙2
1Agricultural Junior Researcher, Research and Development Bureau, Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Korea
2Agricultural Senior Researcher, Research and Development Bureau, Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Korea
1경남농업기술원 연구개발국 농업연구사
2경남농업기술원 연구개발국 농업연구관
*Corresponding Author
31 January 2025. pp. 62-68
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In strawberry exports, harvesting immature fruits causes issues such as poor coloration and reduced fruit quality, while simply increasing harvest maturity shortens shelf life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal harvest maturity for ‘Kuemsil’ strawberries to promote export expansion and evaluate the effects of changing harvesting containers on maintaining marketability during storage. Harvest maturity was set at color degrees of 50%, 70%, and 90%, and a comparative analysis was conducted between conventional multi-layer harvest containers, where fruits are stacked, and single-layer harvest containers. Strawberries were harvested at different maturity stages and container types in January, March, and May followed the standard export process of precooling, sorting, packaging, and storage. Color degree, soluble solids content, firmness, appearance index, and weight loss rate were measured on days 1, 3, 6, and 12 of storage. The results showed that strawberries harvested at 70% or higher color degree had higher soluble solids content and desirable coloration for sale, although their storability was somewhat reduced. In contrast, strawberries harvested at 50% color degree failed to achieve a coloration suitable for sale. The multi-layer container resulted in higher physical damage and increased weight loss during storage due to close contact between fruits, leading to a faster decrease in appearance quality. Conversely, the single-layer container showed minimal changes in appearance index and lower weight loss, making it more effective for maintaining quality during storage. Particularly in the high-temperature season (May), the appearance index in the 90%-single-layer treatment was higher than in the 90%-multi-layer or 70%-multi-layer treatments, demonstrating the effectiveness of changing to a single-layer container. In conclusion, maintaining a harvest color degree of at least 70% and transitioning from multi-layer to single-layer containers is necessary to preserve the high quality of export strawberries and meet consumer expectations.

Keywords
appearance index
color degree
firmness
soluble solids content
weight loss rate

딸기 수출에 있어서 미숙과 수확은 착색불량, 과실 품질 저하 등 문제를 야기하지만 단순히 수확 숙도만을 높일 경우 상품성 유지기간이 단축되는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 본 연구는 ‘금실’ 딸기의 수출 확대를 위해 최적의 수확 숙도를 규명하고, 저장 중 상품성을 유지할 수 있는 수확 용기 변경 효과를 평가하고자 수행되었다. 수확 숙도는 착색도 50%, 70%, 90%로 설정하였고, 관행적인 과실을 포개서 수확하는 다단 수확용기와 1단 수확용기를 비교하였다. 1월, 3월, 5월에 걸쳐 수확 착색도 및 수확용기를 달리하여 수확된 과실은 수출농가와 동일하게 예냉, 선별 및 포장, 저장 과정을 거쳤고 저장 중 1일, 3일, 6일, 12일째에 과실의 착색도, 당도, 경도, 외관지수, 무게 손실률을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 착색도 70% 이상에서 수확한 딸기는 당도가 높고 판매에 적합한 착색도를 유지한 반면 저장성은 낮아졌다. 하지만 착색도 50% 수확에서는 판매에 적합한 착색도에 도달하지 못하였다. 다단 수확용기는 과실 간의 밀착으로 인한 물리적 손상으로 저장 중 감모율이 높았으며 외관 지수가 더 빠르게 감소하였다. 반면 1단 수확용기는 외관지수 변화가 적으며 감모율이 낮아 저장 중 상품성을 유지하는 데 효과적이었다. 특히 고온기(5월)에는 90%-다단, 70%-다단보다 90%-1단 처리에서 외관지수가 더 높은 값을 보일정도로 수확용기를 변경하는 효과가 우수하였다. 결론적으로, 수출 딸기의 고품질 유지와 소비자 만족도를 위해 수확 시 착색도를 70% 이상으로 유지하고, 기존 다단 수확용기에서 1단 수확용기로의 전환이 필요하다.

키워드
감모율
경도
당도
외관지수
착색도
References
1

Ahmed A.E., and J.M. Labavitch 1980, Cell wall metabolism in ripening Fruit: i. cell wall changes in ripening bartlett pears. Plant Physiol 65:1009-1013.

10.1104/pp.65.5.100916661275PMC440466
2

Balasooriya B.L.H.N., K. Dassanayake, and S. Ajlouni 2020, High temperature effects on strawberry fruit quality and antioxidant contents. Acta Hortic 1278:225-234. doi:10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2020.1278.33

10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1278.33
3

Ben-Yehoshua S., and V. Rodov 2002, Transpiration and water stress. In J.A. Bartz and J.K. Brecht, eds, Postharvest Physiology and Pathology of Vegetables. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, pp 111-159.

10.1201/9780203910092.ch512381119
4

Chen Y., Y.C. Hung, M. Chen, and H. Lin 2017, Effects of acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water on retarding cell wall degradation and delaying softening of blueberries during postharvest storage. Lwt 84:650-657. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.06.011

10.1016/j.lwt.2017.06.011
5

Chomchalow S., N.M. El Assi, S.A. Sargent, and J.K. Brecht 2002, Fruit maturity and timing of ethylene treatment affect storage performance of green tomatoes at chilling and non-chilling temperatures. Hort Technol 12:104-114. doi:10.21273/horttech.12.1.104

10.21273/HORTTECH.12.1.104
6

Deng Y., Y. Wu, and Y. Li 2005, Changes in firmness, cell wall composition and cell wall hydrolases of grapes stored in high oxygen atmospheres. Food Res Int 38:769-776. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2005.03.003

10.1016/j.foodres.2005.03.003
7

Eum H.L., S.J. Bae, D.K. Hwang, Y.R. Yeoung, and S.J. Hong 2014, Effects of shipping temperature and precooling treatment of everbearing strawberry cultivars 'Goha' and 'Flamenco' grown on highland through export simulation. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 32:202-209. doi:10.7235/hort.2014.13091 (in Korean)

10.7235/hort.2014.13091
8

Florkowski W.J., R.L. Shewfelt, B. Brueckner, and S.E. Prussia 2014, The supply value chain of fresh produce from field to home: refrigeration and other supporting technologies. In MC Dodd and JJ Bouwer, eds, Postharvest handling: A systems approach, Ed 3, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp 456-465.

9

Hikawa-Endo M. 2020, Improvement in the shelf-life of Japanese strawberry fruits by breeding and post-harvest techniques. Hort J 89:115-123. doi:10.2503/HORTJ.UTD-R008

10.2503/hortj.UTD-R008
10

Hong S.J., S.J. Kim, C.S. Jeong, and H.L. Eum 2021, Quality change during MAP storage of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) after forced-air cooling with silicone rubber pads. Korean J Hort Sci Technol 56:1-7. doi:10.7235/HORT.20210008 (in Korean)

10.7235/HORT.20210008
11

Kim D.Y., S.K. Kim, C.H Chen, S. Kim, W.B. Chae, J.H. Kwak, S.H. Park, S.R. Cheong, and M.K. Yoon 2013, Variation of anthocyanin content and estimation of anthocyanin content from colorimeter among strawberry accessions. Korean J Breed Sci 45:339-345. doi:10.9787/KJBS.2013.45.4.339 (in Korean)

10.9787/KJBS.2013.45.4.339
12

Kim H.M., and S.J. Hwang 2013, Qualitative changes in maturity, precooling temperatures and light Illumination on the post-harvest management of the fruits in 'Maehyang' strawberry for export. J Bio-Env Con 22:432-438. doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2013.22.4.432 (in Korean)

10.12791/KSBEC.2013.22.4.432
13

Kim H.M., and S.J. Hwang 2019, Changes in marketability of strawberry 'Maehyang' for export as affected by concentration of gaseous chlorine dioxide treatment. J Bio-Env Con 28:166-171. doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2019.28.2.166 (in Korean)

10.12791/KSBEC.2019.28.2.166
14

Lee K.H., S.J. Bong, Y.J. Yoon, B. Lee, I.H. Kwak, K.H. Min, and H.G. Kim 2017, Quality changes of strawberry by slow-released ClO2 gas gel-pack during storage. Korean J Food and Nutr 30:591-598. doi:10.9799/KSFAN.2017.30.3.591 (in Korean)

15

Li Z., and C. Thomas 2014, Quantitative evaluation of mechanical damage to fresh fruits. Trends Food Sci Technol 35:138-150 doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2013.12.001

10.1016/j.tifs.2013.12.001
16

Lim S.J., H.S. Hwang, and Y.J. Shin 2016, Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of 'Seolhyang' and 'Janghee' strawberries from different ripening stages grown in Korea. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 26:80-87. doi:10.17495/easdl.2016.2.26.1.80 (in Korean)

10.17495/easdl.2016.2.26.1.80
17

MacKenzie S.J., C.K. Chandler, T. Hasing, and V.M. Whitaker 2011, The role of temperature in the late-season decline in soluble solids content of strawberry fruit in a subtropical production system. HortSci 46:1562-1566

10.21273/HORTSCI.46.11.1562
18

Massa G.D., E. Chase, J.B. Santini, and C.A. Mitchell 2015, Temperature affects long-term productivity and quality attributes of day-neutral strawberry for a space life-support system. Life Sci Space Res 5:39-46. doi:10.1016/J.LSSR.2015.04.003

10.1016/j.lssr.2015.04.00326177848
19

Mercier S., J.K. Brecht, and I. Uysal 2019, Commercial forced-air precooling of strawberries: a temperature distribution and correlation study. J Food Eng 242:47-54. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.028

10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.028
20

Nunes M.C.N., J.K. Brecht, A.M.M.B. Morais and S.A. Sargent 1995, Physical and chemical quality characteristics of strawberries after storage and reduced by a short delay to cooling. Postharvest Biol Technol 6:17-28. doi:10.1016/0925-5214(94)00048-W

10.1016/0925-5214(94)00048-W
21

Nunes M.C.N., J.K. Brecht, A.M.M.B. Morais, and S.A. Sargent 2005, Physicochemical changes during strawberry development in the field compared with those that occur in harvested fruit during storage. J Sci Food Agric 86:180-190. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2314

10.1002/jsfa.2314
22

Park J.E., H.M. Kim, and S.J. Hwang 2020, Changes in marketability of strawberry 'Maehyang' for export as affected by harvest time of the day and temperature of precooling and storage. J Bio-Env Con 29:153-160. doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2020.29.2.153 (in Korean)

10.12791/KSBEC.2020.29.2.153
23

Ra S.W., W.S. Kim, C.S. Moon, I.S. Woo, S.H. Oh, and T.H. Rho 1996, Yield and quality of 'Samahberi' ever-bearing strawberry for off-season production by cultivated area. RDA J Agr Sci 38:439-442.

24

Rahman M.M., M. Moniruzzaman, M.R. Ahmad, B.C. Sarker, and M.K. Alam 2016, Maturity stages affect the postharvest quality and shelf-life of fruits of strawberry genotypes growing in subtropical regions. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 15:28-37 doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2014.05.002

10.1016/j.jssas.2014.05.002
25

Robinson J.E., K.M. Browne, and W.G. Burton 1975, Storage characteristics of some vegetables and soft fruits. Ann Appl Biol 81:399-408 doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1975.tb01656.x

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1975.tb01656.x1217758
26

Wang S.Y., and M.J. Camp 2000, Temperatures after bloom affect plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry. Sci Hortic 85:183-199.

10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00143-0
27

Wei J., F. Ma, S. Shi, X. Qi, X. Zhu, and J. Yuan 2010, Changes and postharvest regulation of activity and gene expression of enzymes related to cell wall degradation in ripening apple fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 56:147-154. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.12.003

10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.12.003
28

Xiao G., M. Zhang, G. Luo, J. Peng, V.M. Salokhe, and J. Guo 2004, Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on the preservation of strawberry and the extension of its shelf-life. Int Agrophys 18:1-7.

Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :1
  • Pages :62-68
  • Received Date : 2024-11-19
  • Revised Date : 2025-01-08
  • Accepted Date : 2025-01-14
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2025.34.1.062
Journal Informaiton Journal of Bio-Environment Control Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crossref funder-registry
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close