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2025 Vol.34, Issue 4 Preview Page

Original Articles

Evaluating Indoor-Environment Predictions in a Naturally Ventilated Greenhouse Using BES Simulation: Effects of Ventilation and Crop Modeling

건물 에너지 시뮬레이션을 이용한 자연환기 온실의 환기 및 작물 모델링에 따른 내부환경 예측 성능 평가

Han Kim1
,
Rack-Woo Kim2*
,
Seung-Hun Lee1
,
Yun-Jeong Lee3
,
Yoon-Kyu Hur3
,
Tae-Seok Lee4
,
Sung-Wook Yun4
김 한1
,
김 락우2*
,
이 승헌1
,
이 윤정3
,
허 윤규3
,
이 태석4
,
윤 성욱4
1Graduate Student, Department of Agriculture Engineering, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
2Associate Professor, Department of SmartFarm Engineering, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
3Undergaduate Student, Department of SmartFarm Engineering, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
4Researcher, Division of Agricultural Engineering, NIAS, RDA, Jeonju 54875, Korea
1국립공주대학교 농공학과 대학원생
2국립공주대학교 스마트팜공학과 교수
3국립공주대학교 스마트팜공학과 학부생
4농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농업공학부 연구사
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 444-457
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Abstract

Greenhouse environmental control supports stable cultivation under increasing climate variability and energy costs, motivating quantitative assessment of thermal conditions and energy use. Many simulation studies omit natural ventilation and crop energy exchange. Using a building energy simulation (BES), This study coupled Stanghellini’s evapotranspiration model with a wind-pressure-based natural-ventilation scheme to simulate a naturally ventilated leafy-vegetable greenhouse and evaluated predictions of air temperature and relative humidity against observations. Without ventilation and crop energy: temperature MAE 9.86°C, MSE 254.32°C2, MAPE 14.91%; humidity MAE 34.24pp, MSE 1,403.57%RH2, MAPE 44.41%. With crop energy only: temperature MAE 16.23°C, MSE 400.82°C2, MAPE 22.49%; humidity MAE 51.95pp, MSE 2,734.64%RH2, MAPE 63.56%. With ventilation only: temperature MAE 1.58°C, MSE 3.79°C2, MAPE 2.02%; humidity MAE 13.24pp, MSE 239.38%RH2, MAPE 16.92%. With both: temperature MAE 1.38°C, MSE 3.53°C2, MAPE 1.83%; humidity MAE 10.13pp, MSE 154.18%RH2, MAPE 13.08%. The results show that including both airflow and crop energy exchange is necessary to obtain the lowest prediction errors in BES-based energy analysis and environmental control for naturally ventilated greenhouses.

Keywords
building energy simulation
crop energy
energyplus
leafy vegetables
natural ventilation

본 연구는 건물에너지 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 엽채류를 재배하는 자연환기 온실에서 자연환기 및 작물 에너지 구현에 따른 시뮬레이션 모델 성능 평가를 진행하였다. 작물 에너지 교환과 자연환기가 모두 구현되지 않았을 경우 온도는 MAE 9.86℃, MSE 254.32℃2, MAPE 14.91%로, 습도는 MAE 34.24pp, MSE 1,403.57%RH2, MAPE 44.41%로 나타났으며, 작물 에너지만 구현되었을 경우 온도는 MAE 16.23℃, MSE 400.82℃2, MAPE 22.49%로, 습도는 MAE 51.95pp, MSE 2,734.64%RH2, MAPE 63.56%으로 나타났다. 자연환기를 구현하면서 안정된 경향을 보이며 성능이 크게 향상되었다. 자연환기만 구현되었을 경우 온도는 MAE 1.58℃, MSE 3.79℃2, MAPE 2.02%로, 습도는 MAE 13.24pp, MSE 239.38%RH2, MAPE 16.92%로 나타났으며, 자연환기와 작물 에너지가 모두 구현되었을 경우 온도는 MAE 1.38℃, MSE 3.53℃2, MAPE 1.83%으로, 습도는 MAE 10.13pp, MSE 154.18%RH2, MAPE 13.08%로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 시설 재배 환경의 에너지 분석 시 자연환기와 작물 에너지 교환이 필수적으로 고려되어야 함을 알 수 있으며, 내부 환경의 변화가 공기 유동과 작물 에너지에 지배적인 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 이후 다양한 온실 형태에서 공조(HVAC) 장치 및 운영 방식에 따른 내부 환경 변화와 이에 따른 작물 에너지 평가에 관련된 연구가 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
건물 에너지 시뮬레이션
에너지플러스
엽채류
자연환기
작물 에너지
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :4
  • Pages :444-457
  • Received Date : 2025-09-29
  • Revised Date : 2025-10-14
  • Accepted Date : 2025-10-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2025.34.4.444
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