Comparison of Root Development,  Photosynthetic Characteristics,  Growth,  and Yield of Seedling and Grafted Tomatoes in the Long-Term Cultivation of Venlo Greenhouse

Jeongwon Yoon; Hyunmun Kim; Heewoong Goo; Dohyeon Kim; Sonugjun Youn; Kyoung Sub Park

doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2024.33.4.249

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2024 Vol.33, Issue 4 Preview Page Next Page

Original Articles

Comparison of Root Development, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Growth, and Yield of Seedling and Grafted Tomatoes in the Long-Term Cultivation of Venlo Greenhouse 벤로 온실 내 장기 재배 시 실생과 접목 토마토의 뿌리 발달, 광합성 특성, 생육과 수확량 비교

31 October 2024. pp. 249-260

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Abstract

This experiment verified the effect of grafting cultivation by comparing the fruit yield, above ground and underground growth, and photosynthetic rate of seedling and grafted tomato long-term cultivation in a glass greenhouse. The cultivar of seedling tomato (CON, Control) was Daphnis, the scion cultivar of the grafted tomato (GT, Grafted Tomato) was Daphnis and the rootstock cultivar was Tomagralong. They were planted on the cocopeat in the Venlo greenhouse. The daily temperature inside the greenhouse was maintained at 20－25°C and the night temperature was at 15－17°C. The amounts of nutrient solution were supplied in proportion to solar radiation with the PBG nutrient solution composition set to EC 2.0－2.7 dS·m^-1 and pH 5.5－5.8. The longest root length, fresh root weight, and ratio of cross-sectional root area to medium were 66%, 33%, and 155% higher in GT than in CON, respectively, indicating that the underground part of grafted tomato was developed than non-graft tomato. As a result of the medium and drainage investigation, it was predicted that the roots of grafted tomato absorbed more nutrients and moisture than non-graft tomato. There was no significant difference in the growth of shoots between treatment, but the maximum photosynthetic rate was 12.3 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 and 15.2 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 for CON and GT, respectively. The total harvest was 12.0 kg·m^-2 and 13.5 kg·m^-2 for CON and GT, respectively. As the results of the investigations, it was confirmed that grafting tomato is more advantageous for producing tomatoes in long-term cultivation compared to non-grafting tomato.

Keywords

grafting

hydroponic cultivation

image analysis

photosynthetic rate

root

tomato

long term cultivation

유리온실 토마토 재배는 8개월 이상 장기간 이루어지며, 기후 변화에 의한 이상 기후 현상의 증가로 생육 후기까지 안정적으로 생산성을 확보하기 위해, 앞으로 접목 재배가 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 본 실험은 유리온실에서 접목과 실생 토마토 장기 재배의 과실수량, 지상부 및 지하부 생육과 광합성속도를 비교하여 접목 재배 효과를 검증하였다. 실생 토마토(CON, Control)의 품종인 대프니스를 사용하였고, 접수 품종은 대프니스, 대목 품종은 토마그라롱인 접목 토마토(GT, Grafted tomato)를 목포대학교 부속 농장 벤로온실의 코코피트 슬라브에 정식하였다. 온실의 기온은 지열과 공기열원히트펌프, 리턴식 이중덕트, 스크린 등을 이용하여 주간 온도 20－25℃, 야간 온도 15－17℃로 유지하였고, 양액은 PBG 양액 조성을 EC 2.0－2.7dS·m^-1, pH 5.5－5.8에 맞춰 일사제어를 통해 공급하였다. 실생 토마토와 접목 토마토 엽의 광합성 속도를 광합성 측정기를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 뿌리의 최장길이와 생체중, 근단면적을 조사했다. 배지의 수분함량과 배액의 양과 EC를 조사하였다. 생육 조사는 3주 간격으로 경직경, 엽면적지수, 생체중, 건물중을 조사하였고, 수확과는 CON과 GT 각 20주를 100g 이상인 과실의 중량을 조사하였다. 뿌리 길이와 근생체중은 실생 토마토(CON)에서 각각 47.3 ± 3cm/plant, 38 ± 2.3g/plant으로 조사되었고, 접목 토마토(GT)에서는 각각 78.8 ± 7cm, 50.7 ± 3g이었다. 배지 내 근단면적은 실생 토마토(CON)에서 1.06cm², 접목 토마토(GT)에서 2.19cm²로 분석되었다. 지상부 생육은 처리구간의 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 최대 광합성 속도는 실생 토마토(CON)과 접목 토마토(GT)에서 각각 12.3μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 15.2 μmol·m^-2·s^-1로 나타났다. 총 수확량은 실생 토마토(CON)와 접목 토마토(GT) 처리에서 각각 12.0kg·m^-2와 13.5kg·m^-2로 나타났으며, 총 과수는 각각 단위면적당 65개와 77.5개로 확인되었다. 수확 과중과 과수, 최대광합성속도, 뿌리 길이, 근중, 근단면적 등의 조사 결과를 볼 때, 접목이 실생에 비해 장기재배에서 토마토를 생산하기에 유리하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

키워드

광합성

뿌리생육

수경재배

이미지 분석

장기재배

접목

토마토

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Information

Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
Volume : 33
No :4
Pages :249-260
Received Date : 2024-08-14
Revised Date : 2024-09-26
Accepted Date : 2024-10-04
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2024.33.4.249

Journal of Bio-Environment Control ISSN:1229-4675(Print) 2765-3641(Online) 생물환경조절학회지

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