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2024 Vol.33, Issue 4 Preview Page

Original Articles

Development of an Irrigation and Drainage Monitoring and Management Software for Maintaining the Drainage Ratio in Hydroponics

수경재배 배액율 유지를 위한 급액전략 수립 시 급배액 모니터링 및 급액량 관리 프로그램 개발

Mi Young Lim1
,
Dongpil Kim1*
,
Ji Woong Bang1
,
Mi Young Roh2
,
Gyeong Lee Choi1
,
Jung Su Jung3
임 미영1
,
김 동필1*
,
방 지웅1
,
노 미영2
,
최 경이1
,
정 정수3
1Researcher, Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Haman 52054, Korea
2Senior Researcher, Protected Horticulture Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Haman 52054, Korea
3Rural extension instructor, Gyeongsangbuk-do Provincial Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Daegu 41404, Korea
1국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 연구사
2국립원예특작과학원 시설원예연구소 연구관
3경상북도농업기술원 농촌지도사
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2024. pp. 261-268
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Abstract

Adjusting the irrigation amount in hydroponics significantly impacts crop yield and quality. Factors such as daily irrigation frequency and irrigation amount per session, tailored to substrate type and age, are crucial for maintaining the target drainage ratio (%). Growers should continuously monitor drainage amounts and adjust the irrigation amount daily to maintain the desired drainage rate. In this study, we first tested the irrigation strategies by substrate type to monitor supply-drain amount, EC, and pH, to develop irrigation amount management software. Four types of substrates were used for hydroponic cultivation: two types of coir (chip-to-dust ratios of 60:40 and 50:50), rockwool, and perlite. In the early growth stages, the same irrigation strategy was applied to observe changes in the drainage rate. In the later stages, different irrigation strategies were applied to each type of substrate. When the total irrigation amount and the strategy were the same, the drainage rate varied for each substrate types. However, when different irrigation strategies were applied for each type of substrate small and frequent irrigation for coir (60:40) and perlite, and large and infrequent irrigation for coir (50:50) and rockwool the drainage rate was maintained closer to the target value of 40%. The irrigation amount should be adjusted daily or periodically according to the type of substrate, changes in sunlight, and crop growth stage, and these settings should be applied to the nutrient solution supply devices installed in the greenhouse. Based on the results of the irrigation strategy experiment for each type of substrate, we developed a software to monitor the supply-drain status and assist in decision-making for maintaining the target drainage rate. This software was implemented as an HTML5 standard web-based application and designed to run on mobile devices and PCs through N-Screen support. Using this program, the irrigation and drainage amounts in smart farm greenhouses can be monitored to calculate the drainage rate, and visualize changes in supply-drain amounts, EC, and pH. Based on these results, the program helps in decision-making for irrigation amounts to maintain the target drainage rate and easily calculates the set values to be input into the nutrient solution supply devices. Therefore, by monitoring the supply-drain amount and drainage rate during hydroponic cultivation of fruit vegetables, optimal irrigation management can be achieved according to the crop growth stage, enabling water- and fertilizer-saving smart farm operations.

Keywords
EC
irrigation-drain amount
pH
smart-farm

수경재배 시 급액량 조절은 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다. 급액량 조절을 위해서는 매우 다양한 요인을 고려해야만 하는데 특히, 목표 배액율(%) 유지를 위해 매우 중요한 일일 총 급액 횟수, 1회 급액량 등을 설정할 때 배지의 종류 및 사용연한 등에 따라 급액전략이 다르게 적용된다. 따라서 재배자는 다양한 변수 요인에 의한 배액량 변화를 지속적으로 모니터링하면서 적정 목표 배액율 유지를 위한 급액량을 설정하고자 매일 고민해야 한다. 본 시험에서는 수경재배 시 양액의 급배액량, EC 및 pH 변화를 모니터링하고 급액량 관리를 위한 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 먼저 배지 종류에 따른 관수 방법을 테스트하였다. 배지 종류는 코이어 배지 2종, 암면 및 펄라이트 등 4처리구를 설정하여 파프리카 수경재배를 실시하였다. 생육 초기에는 같은 급액전략을 적용하여 배액율 변화를 관찰하였고, 후기에는 각 배지 종류에 따른 급액전략을 각각 다르게 적용하였다. 총 급액량이 같은 수준에서 급액전략이 같은 경우 4종류의 배지마다 배액율이 각각 다르게 나타났으나, 급액전략을 각 배지 종류마다 다르게 코이어(칩60:더스트40)와 펄라이트의 경우 소량다회, 코이어(칩50:더스트50)와 암면의 경우 다량소회로 급액전략을 각각 적용하였을 때 배액율 40% 목푯값에 가깝게 유지 할 수 있었다. 급액량은 각 배지 종류, 일조량 변화 및 작물 생육 단계에 적합한 급액전략을 설정하여 최종적으로 하우스에 설치된 양액공급 장치에 급액 설정값을 매일 또는 주기적으로 변경하여야 한다. 배지 종류별 급액전략 연구 결과를 기반으로 급배액 상태를 모니터링하고 배액율 목푯값 유지를 위한 급액량 의사결정을 도와줄 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 HTML5 표준 웹 기반 애플리케이션으로 구현하였으며 N-Screen 지원을 통해 다양한 모바일 장치와 PC 브라우저에서 작동 할 수 있게 제작하였다. 본 프로그램을 이용하여 스마트팜 온실의 수경재배 시 급액량과 배액량을 이용한 배액율을 모니터링할 수 있도록 급배액량, EC 및 pH 변화 그래프를 시각적으로 화면에 나타난다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 목표 배액율 유지를 위한 급액량 의사결정에 도움을 주고, 양액기에 입력할 수 있는 설정값을 쉽게 산출을 할 수 있다. 과채류 수경재배 시 양액의 급배액량과 배액율을 모니터링하면서 작물 생육 단계별 최적 급액량 설정값 관리가 이루어질 수 있으므로 결과적으로 물과 비료 절감형 스마트팜 운영이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
급배액량
스마트팜
EC
pH
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 33
  • No :4
  • Pages :261-268
  • Received Date : 2023-10-06
  • Revised Date : 2024-09-30
  • Accepted Date : 2024-10-07
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2024.33.4.261
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