Evaluation of Thermal Indices Based on Black Globe and Soil Temperature for Estimating Emergence of Ligularia stenocephala

Young Min Choi; Song Hee Ahn; Hee Kyung Song; Chan Ho Kang; Ju Hee Kim

doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2026.35.3.182

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2026 Vol.35, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Original Articles

Evaluation of Thermal Indices Based on Black Globe and Soil Temperature for Estimating Emergence of Ligularia stenocephala 곤달비 출현시기 추정을 위한 흑구온도 및 지온 기반 온도지표 평가

31 July 2026. pp. 182-191

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Abstract

This study was conducted to analyze the emergence characteristics of Ligularia stenocephala under different cultivation environments and to evaluate the applicability of temperature indices based on accumulated degree-hours. Under controlled temperature conditions (2－30°C), the number of days to emergence decreased as temperature increased, exhibiting a nonlinear response with a reduced rate of decrease above 25°C. The relationship between temperature and days to emergence was significantly described by a quadratic model (R² = 0.9782**), with the minimum value estimated at approximately 29°C. However, the promotive effect on emergence diminished at temperatures above 25°C, suggesting that the 20－25°C range may be sufficiently effective for practical cultivation. Analysis of emergence timing under different environmental conditions showed that emergence was most delayed in shaded open-field conditions, whereas in greenhouse cultivation, lower side-window opening ratios resulted in earlier emergence. The number of days to emergence showed significant negative correlations with air temperature, globe temperature, and soil temperature in both 2024 and 2025, with stronger correlations observed for globe and soil temperatures. In contrast, relative humidity and solar radiation showed inconsistent relationships with emergence. In the accumulated temperature analysis, air temperature exhibited the lowest variability across all cultivation environments, suggesting that it is a relatively stable indicator. In contrast, under more homogeneous conditions such as greenhouse cultivation, globe temperature and soil temperature showed lower coefficients of variation and explained emergence responses more consistently. These results suggest that the most appropriate temperature index may vary depending on the heterogeneity of the cultivation environment. Therefore, in controlled environments such as greenhouses, where the effects of wind and precipitation are minimal, integrated thermal indices such as globe temperature and soil temperature may be more effective for predicting emergence. However, further validation is required to improve their field applicability and prediction accuracy.

Keywords

accumulated degree-hours

air temperature

days to emergence

greenhouse cultivation

shading

본 연구는 다양한 재배환경에서 곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala)의 출현 특성과 온도요인간의 관계를 분석하고, 적산온도 기반 온도지표의 활용 가능성을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 항온조건(2－30℃)에서 온도처리별 출현 특성을 조사한 결과, 온도가 증가함에 따라 출현 소요일수는 감소하였으며, 25℃ 이상에서는 감소 폭이 완만해지는 비선형적 반응을 나타냈다. 온도와 출현 소요일수간의 관계는 2차 다항식으로 유의하게 설명되었고(R²=0.9782**), 출현 소요일수는 약 29℃에서 최소가 되는 것으로 추정되었다. 그러나 25℃ 이상에서 출현 촉진 효과가 둔화되었으며, 실용적 재배 관점에서는 20－25℃ 범위도 충분히 유효할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 환경조건별 출현기 분석 결과, 차광한 노지에서 출현이 가장 지연되었으며, 시설재배에서는 측창 개방률이 낮을수록 출현기가 단축되는 경향을 보였다. 출현 소요일수는 2024년과 2025년 모두에서 대기온도, 흑구온도 및 지온과 유의한 부의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 특히 흑구온도와 지온에서 더 높은 상관성을 보였다. 반면 상대습도와 광량은 출현과의 관계가 일관되지 않았다. 적산온도 분석 결과, 모든 재배환경을 포함한 경우 대기온도가 가장 낮은 변동성을 보여 비교적 안정적인 지표로 나타났다. 그러나 시설재배와 같이 환경조건이 균일한 경우에는 흑구온도와 지온이 더 낮은 변이계수를 나타냈으며, 출현 반응을 보다 일관되게 설명하였다. 이는 재배환경의 이질성 수준에 따라 적합한 온도지표가 달라질 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 곤달비 출현 예측에 있어 시설재배와 같이 바람, 강우 등의 영향이 적은 환경조건에서는 흑구온도 및 지온과 같은 복합 열환경 지표의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 향후 이러한 지표의 현장 적용성과 예측 정확도 향상을 위해서는 추가적인 검증이 요구된다.

키워드

누적 적산온도

대기온도

시설재배

차광

출현 소요일수

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Information

Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
Volume : 35
No :3
Pages :182-191
Received Date : 2026-05-07
Revised Date : 2026-05-20
Accepted Date : 2026-05-27
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2026.35.3.182

Journal of Bio-Environment Control ISSN:1229-4675(Print) 2765-3641(Online) 생물환경조절학회지

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