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2025 Vol.34, Issue 4 Preview Page

Original Articles

Development of a CFD Model for Evaluating the Cooling Performance of Fogging Systems in Agricultural Facilities

농업 시설 내 안개분무시스템의 냉방 성능 평가를 위한 전산유체역학 모델 개발

Jinseon Park1
,
Ji-yeon Park2
,
Chae-rin Lee2
,
Se-yeon Lee2
,
Rial Arifin Rajagukguk3
,
Se-woon Hong4*
박 진선1
,
박 지연2
,
이 채린2
,
이 세연2
,
리알 아르핀 라자국국3
,
홍 세운4*
1Research Professor, AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
2Graduate Students, Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering; Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture (BK21 four), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
3Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
4Associate Professor, Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management; Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture (BK21 four), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
1전남대학교 기후변화대응 농생명연구소 학술연구교수
2전남대학교 지역·바이오시스템공학과 대학원
3전남대학교 지역·바이오시스템공학과 박사 후 연구원
4전남대학교 지역·바이오시스템공학과 부교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 429-436
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Abstract

Heat stress caused by extremely high temperature events has become a major challenge in agricultural production. Among available cooling technologies, evaporative fogging systems are increasingly applied especially in livestock facilities due to their simplicity and adaptability. However, research on their design and cooling performance remains limited. This study aimed to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the cooling efficiency of a fogging system installed in a naturally ventilated cattle barn. The CFD model, incorporating a discrete phase model, was used to simulate droplet dispersion, evaporation, and the resulting cooling effects and validated by field measurements carried out in the target barn during summer. The CFD predictions agreed well with the measured data, with standard errors of 0.84°C for indoor temperature and 5.75% for relative humidity. The model could present the spatial distribution of the cooling effects, highlighting non-uniformity with temperature differences of up to 4°C depending on the distribution of the sprayed droplets. The use of circulation fans is expected to improve the spatial uniformity of the cooling effect. The model further revealed that about 80% of the sprayed water evaporated to provide air cooling, whereas 20% was deposited on walls. Optimizing nozzle arrangement and spray characteristics could potentially reduce water consumption by than 20%. Overall, CFD model provides a reliable approach for evaluating the performance of fogging systems in livestock facilities.

Keywords
discrete phase model
droplet evaporation
evaporative cooling
heat stress
natural ventilation

본 연구에서는 농업시설에서 활용되고 있는 안개분무시스템의 냉각 효과를 모의할 수 있는 CFD 모델을 개발하고, 자연환기식 우사에서 측정한 냉각 효과를 통해 CFD 모델을 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 현장 실험 결과, 안개분무시스템 가동 시 복도 내 기온은 최대 약 2.5°C 감소하였으며, 상대습도는 평균적으로 약 7% 증가하였다. 이는 이론적으로 달성 가능한 최대 냉각 효과의 약 36%에 해당하였다. 개발된 CFD 모델은 노즐에서 분사된 물방울의 이동 경로와 증발 과정을 잘 모의하였으며, 실내 평균 기온과 상대습도의 변화 경향이 실측값과 유사하게 나타나 CFD 모델의 신뢰성이 확인되었다. CFD 모델의 결과로부터 실내에서의 증발 냉각 과정을 살펴보면, 공간적인 냉각 효과는 불균일하게 나타났으며, 최대 4°C 이상의 온도 편차가 확인되었다. 특히, 물방울의 분포는 분사 영역에 국한되어 나타났으며, 분사된 물방울 중 약 20% 이상은 외부로 유출되거나 벽체에 퇴적되어 손실되는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 순환팬 등 보조장치의 운영을 병행하면, 분무 된 물방울의 공간적 분포를 확장하고, 균일화하여 축사 내부 냉방 효과를 극대화 하는 데 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발된 CFD 모델을 활용하여 노즐의 배치와 분무 특성을 최적화하여 안개분무시스템의 성능을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 도출하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 기존에 경험에 기반한 설치와 운영 방법에 가이드라인을 제시하는 주요한 모델로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

키워드
고온스트레스
다상유동해석모델
자연환기
증발냉각
증발액적
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :4
  • Pages :429-436
  • Received Date : 2025-10-02
  • Accepted Date : 2025-10-10
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2025.34.4.429
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