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Original Articles

Feasibility and Productivity of Soybean - Bulb Onion Crop System Grown in the Upland of the Southern Region according to Variety and Sowing(Transplanting) Time

품종, 파종(정식) 시기에 따른 남부지역 밭 재배 콩 - 양파 작부 체계의 성립 가능성 및 생산성

Byeonggyu Min1*
,
Jiyoung Son1
,
Jinseong Moon2
,
Juhee Baek1
,
Donghyeon Lim1
,
Jaecheol Seo3
,
Jungho Shin4
,
Myeongryeol Park5
,
Jeongju Kim5
,
Wuseok Jeong6
,
Kicheol Eom7
민 병규1*
,
손 지영1
,
문 진성2
,
백 주희1
,
임 동현1
,
서 재철3
,
신 정호4
,
박 명렬5
,
김 정주5
,
정 우석6
,
엄 기철7
1Agricultural Researcher, Onion and Garlic Research Institute of Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Changnyeong 50319, Korea
2Manager of Agricultural Research, Onion and Garlic Research Institute of Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Changnyeong 50319, Korea
3Public Worker about Machine Operation, Onion and Garlic Research Institute of Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Changnyeong 50319, Korea
4Chief of Research Department, Crop Research Department of Gyeongsangnamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jinju 52733, Korea
5Agricultural Researcher, Central Crop Department in National Institute of Crop Sciences in Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Korea
6Professor, Food Resources Science Department of Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
7Chief Executive Officer, New Vision Co. Ltd., Suwon 16432, Korea
1경상남도농업기술원 양파마늘연구소 농업연구사
2경상남도농업기술원 양파마늘연구소 농업연구관
3경상남도농업기술원 양파마늘연구소 기계운영주사
4경상남도농업기술원 작물연구과 작물연구과장
5농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 농업연구사
6건국대학교 식량자원과학과 교수
7㈜뉴비젼 대표이사
*Corresponding Author
31 January 2025. pp. 118-131
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Abstract

South Korea’s food self-sufficiency rate is approximately 49.3%. While staple crops such as rice, sweet potatoes, and potatoes have high self-sufficiency rates, that of others like soybeans, barley, corn, and wheat remain low. Additionally, per capita annual rice consumption has been steadily declining, and surplus production has weakened the price competitiveness of rice. This situation calls for transitioning from the traditional rice paddy-centered cropping system to a more diversified field-based cropping system. The aim of this experiment was to determine the feasibility and productivity of cropping systems based on variety and sowing (transplanting) time in field-grown soybean and onion cropping systems in the southern region. The experiment was conducted in field plot in Changnyeong-gun. The experiment periods for each crop were October 2022 – June 2023 for onions and June 2023 – October 2023 for soybeans. The onion varieties tested were “Romang” (early-maturing), “Tank” (medium-maturing), and “Katamaru” (late-maturing). The soybean varieties were “Seonyu2ho” (short-season variety for tofu and paste production) and “Daechan” and “Taekwang” (general varieties for tofu and paste production). Sowing dates for soybeans were mid-June (early), late June (optimal), and early July (late), while onion transplanting dates were late October (early), early November (optimal), and mid-November (late). Estimated contents included weather conditions during the experimental period, soil chemical characteristics before and after cultivation, crop growth characteristics, yield, and economic feasibility. Weather analysis indicated that the average temperature and precipitation during the cultivation period were above average of the latest 30 years, with conditions characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall. Soil chemical analys revealed that soybean cultivation improved soil acidity, increased cationic mineral content, and enhanced nitrogen accumulation. The early-maturing variety “Romang” had the earliest harvest date among the tested onion varieties. Transplanting dates did not significantly affect harvest timing for any of the onion varieties. However, the medium-maturing variety “Tank” and the late-maturing variety “Katamaru” outperformed “Romang” in terms of marketable yield and economic feasibility (income). Transplanting dates did not significantly influence marketable yield or economic feasibility (income) across the onion varieties. The short-season soybean variety “Seonyu2ho” had an earlier harvest date than “Taekwang” and “Daechan.” While the harvest timing of “Seonyu2ho” and “Taekwang” varied depending on sowing dates, “Daechan” demonstrated consistent harvest timing regardless of sowing dates. In terms of marketable yield and economic feasibility (income), “Daechan” outperformed both “Taekwang” and “Seonyu2ho.” Considering factors such as sowing/transplanting dates, harvest timing, preparation periods for subsequent crops, and economic feasibility (income), the soybean (“Daechan,” sown in late June) and onion (“Tank,” transplanted in early November) cropping system was the most suitable combination under the conditions of this experiment.

Keywords
economic feasibility
harvest period
soil chemistry
weather
yield

우리나라의 식량자급률은 49.3% 정도이며, 이중 쌀, 고구마, 감자 등은 자급률이 높으나 콩, 보리쌀, 옥수수, 밀 등은 자급률이 낮다. 또한 1인당 연간 쌀 소비량은 갈수록 감소하고 있고, 과잉 생산에 의해 쌀 가격의 경쟁력 또한 저하되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 기존 쌀 중심의 논 이용 작부체계에서 벗어나 다양한 작물을 재배할 수 있는 밭 이용 작부체계로의 전환이 필요하다. 이 시험에서는 남부지역 밭 재배 콩 - 양파 작부체계에서의 품종 및 파종(정식) 시기에 따른 작부체계 성립 가능성 및 생산성을 구명하고자 하였다. 경남 창녕군 관내 밭 포장에서 시험을 수행하였으며 작물 별 재배 기간은 양파는 2022년 10월에서 2023년 6월까지, 콩은 2023년 6월부터 2023년 10월까지였다. 양파는 로망(조생종), 탱크(중생종), 카타마루(중만생종)의 3종을, 콩은 선유2호(단기성 두부 및 장류용 콩), 대찬, 태광(이상 일반 두부 및 장류용 콩)의 3종을 시험품종으로 각각 선정하였다. 또한 콩의 파종 시기는 6월 중순(조기), 6월 하순(적기) 및 7월 상순(만기)의 3시기로, 양파의 정식 시기는 10월 하순(조기), 11월 상순(적기), 11월 중순(만기)으로 각각 설정하였다. 주요조사항목은 시험기간 중 기상 상황, 작물 재배 전·후 토양 화학성, 작물 생육, 수량 특성 및 경제성 등이다. 콩과 양파의 재배기간 중 평균 기온과 강수량은 평년보다 높아서 고온, 다우의 기상 특성을 보였다. 시험 포장의 토양 화학성 분석 결과, 콩 재배 시 토양 산도 개량, 양이온 무기성분 함량 증가 및 질소 축적 등의 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 양파에서는 조생종인 로망의 수확기가 시험 품종 중 가장 빨랐다. 또한 정식기에 따른 양파 수확기는 모든 시험 품종에서 차이가 없었다. 반면 중생종인 탱크와 중만생종인 카타마루의 상품 수량 및 경제성(소득)은 로망보다 높았다. 정식기에 따른 양파 상품 수량 및 경제성(소득)은 모든 품종에서 차이가 없었다. 콩에서는 단기성 품종인 선유2호의 수확기가 태광 및 대찬보다 빨랐다. 선유2호 및 태광에서는 파종기에 따라서 수확기에 차이가 있었으나, 대찬에서는 모든 파종기에서 수확기가 동일했다. 상품수량 및 경제성(소득)은 대찬이 태광, 선유2호보다 높았다. 작물 별 파종(정식)기, 수확기에 따른 후작물 재배 포장 준비 기간과 경제성(소득) 등을 고려했을 때, 콩(품종 : 대찬, 파종기 : 6월 하순) － 양파(품종 : 탱크, 정식기 : 11월 상순)의 작부 체계가 본 시험에서는 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
경제성
기상
수량
수확기
토양화학성
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :1
  • Pages :118-131
  • Received Date : 2024-12-27
  • Revised Date : 2025-01-23
  • Accepted Date : 2025-02-04
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2025.34.1.118
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