Parameterizing Early-stage Growth and Allometry of Kimchi Cabbage Four Cultivars Under Controlled Vertical-farm Conditions for Crop Growth Model Development

Yu Kyeong Shin; Tae Yeon Lee; Jinwoo Lee; Ha Seon Sim; Yu Hyun Moon; Tae Hyun Kim; Jung Huk Roh; Su Min Lee; Shin Ae Kwon; Jun Kyung Kang; Da Eun Kim; Won Jun Lee; Sung Kyeom Kim

doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2026.35.3.316

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2026 Vol.35, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Original Articles

Parameterizing Early-stage Growth and Allometry of Kimchi Cabbage Four Cultivars Under Controlled Vertical-farm Conditions for Crop Growth Model Development 작물 생육모형 개발을 위한 통제형 수직농장 조건에서 배추 4개 품종의 초기 생육 및 상대생장 매개변수화

31 July 2026. pp. 316-327

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Abstract

Process-based and regression crop models for Kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) require cultivar-specific parameters expressed on a thermal-time basis, yet such parameters for the seedling-to-pre-heading stage under controlled environments are scarce. We grew four commercial cultivars (Chunkwang, Cheongmyeong-gaeul, Summertop, Haradew) in a vertical farm under a single controlled environment (white LED, ~500 µmol m^-2 s^-1, 16/8 h, 24.0°C daily mean, 400 ppm CO₂) and sampled plants destructively six times from transplanting to 14 days after transplanting (0－336 growing degree-days, GDD; base temperature 0°C). For each cultivar we fitted logistic growth curves (compared with Gompertz and exponential functions) of shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf area (LA) against GDD, derived allometric conversion equations among leaf dimensions, LA and dry weight, and quantified dry-matter partitioning at final harvest with one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Logistic curves described SDW accumulation best among the tested growth functions (R² = 0.998－0.9995). LA was a strong non-destructive proxy for SDW (R² = 0.92－0.93 for three cultivars), whereas estimation of LA from the product of length and width of the largest leaf was only moderate (R² = 0.71－0.80). Cultivars differed significantly in SDW, root dry weight, LA and leaf number (p < 0.05), but not in shoot fresh weight or single-leaf dimensions, indicating that cultivar differentiation was expressed in dry-matter accumulation and partitioning rather than in gross size. Rather than being directly transferable, these cultivar- and stage-specific parameters can support model initialization, calibration, validation, and non-destructive growth monitoring under comparable controlled-environment conditions. Because a single temperature and light intensity were used and sampling ended before head formation, the dataset does not resolve temperature or light responses, and the asymptotic parameters are extrapolated; these limitations are stated explicitly.

Keywords

allometry

crop growth model parameters

growing degree-days

growth analysis

Kimchi cabbage

logistic growth curve

specific leaf area

배추(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)를 대상으로 한 과정기반 및 회귀 기반 작물 생육 모형은 품종 특이적 매개변수를 열시간(thermal time)의 함수로 요구하나, 통제환경에서 육묘 이후 결구기 이전 단계에 대한 매개변수는 극히 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 배추 4개 품종(‘춘광’, ‘청명가을’, ‘썸머탑’, ‘하라듀’)을 통제된 환경 내(백색 LED, 약 500µmol m^-2 s^-1, 광주기 16/8시간, 일 평균 24.0°C, CO₂ 400ppm)에서 재배하고, 정식 일부터 정식 후 14일까지(0－336 생장도일, growing degree days [GDD]; 기준온도 0°C) 총 6회에 걸쳐 파괴 조사를 수행하였다. 각 품종에 대하여 지상부 건물중(shoot dry weight, SDW)과 엽면적(leaf area, LA)을 GDD에 대한 로지스틱(logistic) 생장곡선을 확인하고, 이를 곰페르츠(Gompertz) 및 지수(exponential) 함수와 비교하였으며, 엽 형태 요소·엽면적·건물중 간의 상대생장(allometric) 관계식을 유도하였다. 아울러 최종 수확 시의 건물 분배 특성을 일원배치 분산분석(one-way ANOVA)과 던컨의 다중검정(Duncan's multiple range test)을 통해 정량하였다. 생장함수 가운데 로지스틱 곡선이 SDW 축적을 가장 잘 설명하였다(R² = 0.998－0.9995). 엽면적은 SDW를 추정하는 강력한 비파괴 지표였으나(3개 품종에서 R² = 0.92－0.93), 최대엽의 길이×너비 곱을 이용한 엽면적 추정은 중간 수준의 설명력에 그쳤다(R² = 0.71－0.80). 품종 간에는 지상부 건물중, 뿌리 건물중, 엽면적 및 엽수에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으나(p < 0.05), 지상부 생체중과의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이는 해당 시기의 품종 간 차이가 외형적 크기보다는 건물의 축적과 분배 양상에서 발현됨을 시사한다. 이들 품종·생육단계 특이적 매개변수는 다른 조건에 직접 전용(轉用)할 수 있는 값이라기보다, 본 연구와 유사한 통제환경에서 생육모형의 초기화·보정·검증을 수행하고 비파괴적 생육 모니터링을 지원하는 기초자료로서 의의를 갖는다. 본 연구는 단일 온도 및 단일 광량 조건에 한정되었고 결구 형성 이전에 조사를 종료하였으므로, 온도와 광에 대한 생육 반응은 규명하지 못하였다. 이러한 한계를 보완하기 위해서는, 다양한 환경 요인에 따른 생육 반응을 반영하여 매개변수를 추정할 수 있는 확장된 후속 연구가 요구된다.

키워드

로지스틱 생장 곡선

배추

비엽면적

상대생장

생육도일

생장 분석

작물 생육 모델 매개변수

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Information

Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
Volume : 35
No :3
Pages :316-327
Received Date : 2026-07-03
Revised Date : 2026-07-29
Accepted Date : 2026-07-31
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2026.35.3.316

Journal of Bio-Environment Control ISSN:1229-4675(Print) 2765-3641(Online) 생물환경조절학회지

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