All Issue

2015 Vol.24, Issue 3 Preview Page
Effects of Water Soluble Potassium Silicate by Soil Drenching Application on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus)

시설수박에 대한 수용성 규산칼륨 토양관주 효과

Young-Sang Kim1
,
Hyo-Jung Kang1
,
Tae-Il Kim1
,
Taek-Gu Jeong1
,
Jong-Woo Han1
,
Ik-Jei Kim1
,
Sang-Young Nam1
,
Ki-In Kim2
김 영상1
,
강 효중1
,
김 태일1
,
정 택구1
,
한 종우1
,
김 익제1
,
남 상영1
,
김 기인2
1Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Chungweon
2Department of Horticultural Science Mokpo National University, Jellanam-do Mu-An
1충북농업기술원
2목포대학교
*Corresponding author : suanbo@korea.kr
30 July 2015. pp. 235-242
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soluble potassium silicate by soil drenching application on watermelon growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. The potassium silicate rates were control (No potassium silicate), 1.63mM, 3.25mM, 6.50mM. The potassium silicate were treated 6 times (twice before fruit forming and 4 times after fruit forming per 7 day. Soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, EC, available phosphorus and silicate, exchangeable K, nitrate-N levels were increased after potassium silicate treatment, while the concentrations of soil organic matter, exchangeable Ca and Mg were similar to control. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for increased potassium silicate treatment than the control, while number of node, and plant length were same for all treatments. With increased potassium silicate treatment, nutrient concentrations, such as P and K in the watermelon leaf at harvest were increased, N concentration in the leaf was decreased, and Ca and Mg concentrations in the leaf were same. Chlorophyll content was increased with increased potassium silicate application. The occurrence of powdery mildew was lower for the potassium silicate treatments than the control. Fresh watermelon weight for the potassium silicate treatments was 0.1 to 0.5kg per watermelon heavier than the control, sugar content was 0.5 to 0.6°Brix higher than control, and merchantable watermelon was 2 to 4% increased compared to the control. These results suggest that potassium silicate application by soil drenching method in the greenhouse can improve watermelon nutrient uptake, merchantable watermelon and suppress the occurrence of powdery mildew.

Keywords
chlorophyll
dry weight
powdery mildew
sugar content

시설재배지에서 수용성 규산칼륨 처리가 수박의 생육, 수량, 양분흡수 및 토양특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수용성 규산칼륨을 무처리, 1.63mM, 3.25mM, 6.50mM의 4수준을 두어 토양관주 처리하였으며, 처리시 기는 착과전 2회와 착과후 4회로 총 6회를 7일 간격으 로 처리하였다. 시험후 토양화학성은 수용성 규산처리에 따라 pH, EC 유효인산, 치환성 K, Ca, Mg, NO3-N은 증가하였으며, 유기물 함량은 대조구와 비슷하였다. 수확 기 수박 생육 특성 중 경경, 생중 및 건물중은 수용성 규산칼륨 처리에서 두껍고 무거웠으며, 만장과 절수는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 수박 수확기 잎에 함 유되어 있는 무기성분 함량은 수용성 규산칼륨 수준이 높아짐에 따라 N은 감소하고 P와 K는 증가하였으나 Ca 과 Mg는 차이가 없었다. 생육단계별 엽록소함량은 착과 전에는 수용성 규산칼륨처리에 따른 차이가 없었으나 착 과후 및 수확기로 갈수록 수용성 규산칼륨 수준이 높아 짐에 따라 엽색도가 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 흰가루병 발생정도는 대조구에 비하여 수용성 규산칼륨 수준이 높 을수록 발생정도가 낮았다. 수박의 과중은 수용성 규산 칼륨 처리에 의해 0.1~0.5kg/개 무거워졌으며, 당도는 0.5~0.6 °Brix 정도 높아졌고, 상품수량은 대조구에 비하 여 2~4% 증수되었다. 이상의 결과 시설수박 재배지에 수용성 규산칼륨 처리는 양분흡수 증가, 수박 상품수량 증가 및 흰가루병 발생 억제로 시설 수박재배에 친환경 적인 방법으로 안정생산에 활용할 수 있으리라 본다.

키워드
엽록소
건물중
흰가루병
당도
References
1
Adatia, M.D. and R.T. Bestford. 1986. The effect of silicon on cucumber plants grown in recirculating nutrient solution. Ann. Bot. 58:343-351.
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087212
2
Ahn, B.K., S.G. Han, J.Y. Kim, K.C. Kim, D.Y. Ko, S.S. Jeong, and J.H. Lee. 2014. Influence of silicate fertilizer application on soil properties and red pepper productivity in plastic film house. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 33(4):254-261.
10.5338/KJEA.2014.33.4.254
3
Aoki, M., and Ogawa, M. 1997. Influence of silicon on the blossom-end rot and growth of tomato, J. Sci. Soil Manure. 48:156-159.
4
Belanger, R.R., P.A. Bowen, D.L. Ehert, and J.G. Menzies. 1995. Soluble silicon, Its role in crop and disease management of greenhouse crops, Plant Dis. 79:329-336.
10.1094/PD-79-0329
5
Bowen, P.A., J.G. Menzies and D.L. Ehret. 1992. Soluble silicon inhibit powdery mildew development on grape leaves. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 117:906-912.
10.21273/JASHS.117.6.906
6
Burlo, F.I. Guijarro, A.A.C. Barrachina, and D. Vlaero. 1999. Arsenic species : Effects on and accmulation by tomato plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:1247-1253.
10.1021/jf980656010552445
7
Chang, K.W., J.H. Hong, J.E. Lee, and J.J. Lee. 2006. Effects of the granular silicate fertilizer (GSF) application on the rice growth and quality. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol. 39(3):151-156.
8
Cho, H.J., H.Y. Choi, Y.W. Lee, Y.J. Lee, and J.B. Chung. 2004. Availability of silicate fertilizer and its effect on soil pH in upland soils. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23:104-110.
10.5338/KJEA.2004.23.2.104
9
Cho, I.C., S.H. Lee, and B.J. Cha. 1998. Effects of soluble silicon and several surfactants on the development of powdery mildew of cucumber, Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17:306-311.
10
Cho, J.K. 2013. Growth characteristics of tomato applied with silicate and salicylate in the greenhouse. Ph. D. Kong-ju National University.
11
Datnoff, L.E., K.W. Kenneth, and F.J. Correa-V. 2001. Silicon in agriculture. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam.
12
Epstein, E. 1994. The anomaly of silicon in plant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11-17.
10.1073/pnas.91.1.1111607449PMC42876
13
Epstein, E. 1999. Silicon. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50:641-664.
10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.64115012222
14
Gascho, G.J. 2001. Silicon sources for agriculture. In: L.E. Datnoff, G. H. Snyder, and G.H. Korndorfer (eds.). Silicon in agriculture. Elsvier Science, Amsterdam. p.197-207.
10.1016/S0928-3420(01)80016-1
15
Guevel, M.H., J.G. Menzies, and R.R. Belanger. 2007. Effect of root and foliar applications of soluble silicon on powdery mildew control and growth of wheat plants. Eyr. J. Plant Pathol. 119:429-436.
10.1007/s10658-007-9181-1
16
Joo, J.H., and Lee, S.B. 2011. Assessment of silicate fertilizers application affecting soil properties in paddy field, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44:1016-1022.
10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.6.1016
17
Keeping, M.G., and Meyer, J.H. 2006. Silicon-mediated resistance of sugarcane to Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidate): Effects of silicon source and cultivar, J. Appl. Entomol. 130:410-420.
10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01081.x
18
Kim, Y.C, K.Y. Kim, K.W. Park, H.K. Yun, T.C. Seo, and S.G. Lee. 2002. Effect of granular silicate application on the growth and yield of tomato grown in perlite substrate, J. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 43:21-24.
19
Lee, J.S., J.H., Park, and K.S. Han 2000. Effects of potassium silicate on growth, photosynthesis and inorganic ion absorption in cucumber hydroponics. J. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 41:480-484.
20
Lee, J.S., and Yiem, M.S. 2000. Effect of soluble silicon on development of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in cucumber plants. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 4:37-43.
21
Lee, S.B. 2012. Effect of several silicate fertilizers on soil characteristics and crop growth. Kangwon National University graduate school. p 1.
22
Lee, S.H., H.J. Cho, H.J. Shin, S.D. Shin, Park, B.J. Kim, and J.B. Chung. 2003. Effect of silicate fertilizer on oriental melon in plastic film house. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 36:407-416.
23
Lee, Y.B., and Kim, P.J. 2006. Effects of silicate fertilizer on increasing phosphate availability in salt accumulated soil during Chinese cabbage cultivation. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39:8-14.
24
Liang, Y.J. Z. Zhu, G. Li, Y. Chu, J. Ding, and W. Sun. 2008. Role of silicon in enhancing resistance to freezing stress in two contrasting winter wheat cultivars. Environ. Expt. Bot. 64:286-394.
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.06.005
25
Ma, J.F. 2004. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 50:11-18.
10.1080/00380768.2004.10408447
26
Marschner, H. 2003. Beneficial mineral elements. P. 405-435. In : H. Marschner (ed). Mineral nutrition of higher plant. 2nd ed. Academic Press, Amsterdam.
10.1016/B978-0-08-057187-4.50016-3
27
Menzies. J.P. Bowen, D. Ehert, and A.D.M. Glass. 1992. Foliar applications of potassium silicate reduce severity of powdery mildew on cucumber, muskmelon, and zucchini squash. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 117:902-905.
10.21273/JASHS.117.6.902
28
Miller, W.P., and Miller, D.M. 1987. A micro-pipette method for soil mechanical analysis. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 18:1-15.
10.1080/00103628709367799
29
Miyake, Y., and Takahashi, E. 1983. Effect of silicon on the growth of solution cultured cucumber plant. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 29:71-83.
10.1080/00380768.1983.10432407
30
NAAS(National Academy of Agricultural Science). 2010. Methods of soil chemical analysis, Rural Development Administration, Korea. ISBN :978-89-480-0913-2 93520.
31
Oh, W.K., J.Y. Kim, and S.B. Kim. 1987. Effects of urea, ammonium nitrate and calcium silicate on the absorption, translocation of potassium and yield of chinese cabbage. J. Korean Soc, Soil Sci. Fert. 20:337-340.
32
Pei, Z.F., D.F. Ming, D. Liu, G.L., Wan, X.X. Geng, H.J. Gong, and W.J. Zhou. 2010. Silicon improves the tolerance to water deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. J. Plant Growth Regul. 29:106-115.
10.1007/s00344-009-9120-9
33
RDA(Rural Development Administration). 2003. Standard of analysis and survey for agricultural research. Rural Development Administration. Suwon. Korea.
34
RDA(Rural Development Administration). 2010. Fertilization standard of crop plant. Rural Development Administration. Suwon. Korea.
35
Ryu, N.H., M.Y. Choi, Y.J. Ryu, H.J. Cho, Y.S. Lee, Y.D. Lee, and J.B. Chung, 2003. Suppression of powdery mildew development in oriental melon by silicate fertilizer. Korean. J. Envrion. Agric. 22, 255-260.
10.5338/KJEA.2003.22.4.255
36
Savant, N.K., G.H. Korndorfer, L.E. Datnoff, and G.H. Snyder. 1999. Silicon nutrition and sugarcane production : a review. J. plant Nutr. 22:1853-1903.
10.1080/01904169909365761
37
Sherwood, R.T. and Nance, C.P. 1980. Resistance to fungal penetration in Gramineae. Phytopathol. 70:273-279.
10.1094/Phyto-70-273
38
Sivanesan, I., Son, M.S., J.P. Lee, and B.R. Jeong. 2010. Effects of silicon on growth of Tagetes patula L. 'Boy Orange' and Yellow Boy seedlings cultured in an environment controlled chamber, Propagation Ornamental Plants. 10:136-140.
39
Son, M.S., H.J. Oh, J.Y. Song, M.Y. Lim, Sivanesan, and B.R. Jeong. 2012. Effect of silicon source and application method on growth of kalanchoe Peperu. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol.30(3):250-255.
10.7235/hort.2012.11097
40
Voogt, W. 1989. Komkommer : Silicium als mestof toedienen nog niet mogelijk in praktijk. (Cucumber: application of silicon as fertilizer not yet possible in commercial practice). Groenten Fruit. 44:34-35.
41
Won, J.G., S.J. Kim, D.J. Ahn, Y.J. Seo, C.D. Choi, and S.C. Lee. 2008. Effect of silicate application on grain quality and storage characteristics in rice. Korean J. Crop. Sci. 53:31-36.
42
Uhm. M.J., H.G. Noh, S.W. Chon, and Y.J. Song. 2012. Application effect of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the watermelon growth and soil chemical properties in greenhouse. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 31:1-8.
10.5338/KJEA.2012.31.1.1
43
Zucczrini, P. 2008. Effects of silicon on photosynthesis, water relations and nutrient uptake of Phaseolus vulgaris under NaCl stress. Biol. Plant. 52:157-160.
10.1007/s10535-008-0034-3
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory
  • Journal Title(Ko) :시설원예ㆍ식물공장
  • Volume : 24
  • No :3
  • Pages :235-242
  • Received Date : 2015-08-24
  • Revised Date : 2015-09-08
  • Accepted Date : 2015-09-15
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2015.24.3.235
Journal Informaiton Journal of Bio-Environment Control Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crossref funder-registry
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close