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2024 Vol.33, Issue 4 Preview Page

Original Articles

Determination of Substrate Mixing Ratios for the Hydroponic Cultivation of Watermelon

수박 수경재배를 위한 혼합배지 비율 선발

Yumin Jeon1
,
Cheolku Youn2
,
Eun-Jeong Kim1
,
Kyuhoi Lee3
,
Guemjae Chung3
,
Ju-Hyoung Kim4
,
Ki-Ho Son5
,
Myung-Min Oh6*
전 유민1
,
윤 철구2
,
김 은정1
,
이 규회3
,
정 금재3
,
김 주형4
,
손 기호5
,
오 명민6*
1Researcher, Smart Horticulture Research Department, Chungcheongbukdo Agricultural Research and Extension Service, Cheongju 28130, Korea
2Principal Researcher, Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbukdo Agricultural Research and Extension Service, Eumseong 27668, Korea
3Researcher, Watermelon Research Institute, Chungcheongbukdo Agricultural Research and Extension Service, Eumseong 27668, Korea
4Principal Researcher, Chungcheongbukdo Agricultural Research and Extension Service, Cheongju 28130, Korea
5Professor, Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
6Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
1충청북도농업기술원 스마트원예연구과 농업연구사
2충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소 농업연구관
3충청북도농업기술원 수박연구소 농업연구사
4충청북도농업기술원 농업연구관
5경상국립대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예과학부 교수
6충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 원예과학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2024. pp. 507-518
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Abstract

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), one of widely consumed fruit vegetables in the world, is primarily cultivated in soil, and the worsening issues of soil replant failure increasingly emphasize the necessity for hydroponic cultivation technology. However, the hydroponic application to watermelon cultivation has several challenges such as low fruit weight, cracking, blood-fresh watermelon, and low sweetness. This study aimed to determine the mixing ratio of the substrate (perlite and coir) for small and middle-sized watermelon hydroponic cultivation. Watermelon seedlings of two cultivars with three to four normal leaves were cultivated under an arch-shaped vertical hydroponic system in a glass greenhouse during the semi-forcing and retarding culture period. A total of six mixing ratios of substrates were designed using perlite and coir; perlite:coir = 10:0 (perlite), 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8, and 0:10 (coir). Fruit weight and sweetness of in the small and medium-sized watermelons were highest in the 4:6 mixing ratio during semi-forcing culture. However, the fruit weight and sweetness increase as the mixing ratio of perlite increased in retarding culture. The 10:0 mixing ratio exhibited the highest fruit weight among treatments, 51% higher than 0:10. In contrast, the fruit weight of small-sized watermelons tended to increase as the coir mixing ratio increased, and 0:10 exhibited the highest fruit weight during semi-forcing culture. However, 0:10 showed a significantly higher variation in the weight of two fruits fertilized per plant. Compared with the 10:0 substrate, fruit variation increased six times, intensifying the nutrient bias. Therefore, the yield of commodity fruits in the 10:0 treatment increased by 97% compared to 0:10. We concluded that perlite substrate effectively reduces root zone temperature during high-temperature cultivation of small and medium-sized watermelons, leading to increased yield by enhancing fruit growth and reducing nutrient imbalance. Further research is needed on various types of substrates and mixing ratios for year-round watermelon production in hydroponics.

Keywords
coir
hydroponics
perlite
retarding culture
root zone

수박(Citrullus lanatus)은 전 세계적으로 가장 많이 소비되는 과채류 중 하나이다. 주로 토양에서 포복재배 형태로 재배되며, 최근 토양 연작장해 문제가 심화됨에 따라 수경재배 기술의 필요성이 더욱 부각되고 있다. 그러나 수박에 수경재배를 적용하는 데에는 과중 저하, 열과, 피수박, 당도 저하와 같은 여러 가지 문제가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 중소형 및 소형 수박의 수경재배를 위한 혼합 배지 비율(펄라이트, 코이어)을 결정하는 것이다. 세 개에서 네 개의 정상 잎을 가진 두 품종의 수박 유묘를 유리온실에서 반촉성 및 억제 재배 기간 동안 아치형 수직 수경재배 시스템에서 재배하였다. 총 여섯 가지 혼합 비율로 펄라이트와 코이어를 사용하여, 펄라이트: 코이어 = 10:0 (펄라이트), 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8, 0:10 (코이어)로 설정하였다. 그 결과, 중소형 수박은 반촉성 재배 시 4:6 혼합 비율에서 가장 높은 과중과 당도를 보였다. 억제 재배 시 펄라이트 혼합 비율이 증가함에 따라 과중이 증가하는 경향을 보여, 10:0 혼합 비율은 0:10보다 51% 높은 과중을 나타냈다. 반면에, 소형 수박의 과중은 반촉성 재배 시 코이어 혼합 비율이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보여 0:10 비율에서 가장 높은 과중을 나타내었다. 그러나, 한 식물체 내에 착과된 과실에 따라 과중 편차가 심화되었으며, 과중 편차는 10:0 대비 여섯 배 증가하여 양분 불균형 현상이 심화되었다. 따라서, 상품수량은 10:0 처리에서 0:10에 비해 97% 증가하였다. 결론적으로, 펄라이트 배지는 중소형 및 소형 수박의 고온 재배 시 근권부 온도를 낮추어 과중 증가와 양분 불균형 감소로 인해 수확량을 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 추가적으로, 수박 수경재배 연중생산을 위한 좀 더 다양한 배지와 배지 종류별 혼합비율에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
근권부
수경재배
억제재배
코이어
펄라이트
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
  • Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
  • Volume : 33
  • No :4
  • Pages :507-518
  • Received Date : 2024-10-02
  • Revised Date : 2024-10-30
  • Accepted Date : 2024-10-31
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2024.33.4.507
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