All Issue

2019 Vol.28, Issue 1 Preview Page
Growth Characteristics and Visible Injury of Container Seedling of Pinus densiflora by Fertilization Level

시비수준별 소나무 용기묘의 생장 특성 및 가시적 피해

Young Geun Cha1
,
Kyu Seong Choi2
,
Ki Seon Song2*
,
Hwan In Sung3
,
Ha Na Lee1
,
Hwan In Sung4
,
Jong Jin Kim1
차 영근1
,
최 규성2
,
송 기선2*
,
구 다은3
,
이 하나1
,
성 환인4
,
김 종진1
1Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
2Plant Propagation and Reproduction Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea
3Department of Seed and Seedling Management, National Forest Seed Variety Center, Choongju 27495, Korea
4Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
1건국대학교 산림조경학과
2국립백두대간수목원 식물양묘실
3국립산림품종관리센터 종묘관리과
4건국대학교 농축대학원 산림조경학과
*Corresponding author: kssong@bdna.or.kr
31 January 2019. pp. 66-77
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

The present study investigated pine trees, which forms a major plantation species in Korea, with the objective of improving the survival rate of pine trees after planting. Growth responses and characteristics were assessed by controlling the level of fertilizer application, which is a basic controlling the growth of pine seedlings, to identify the optimal fertilization treatment. Pine tree seedlings were grown in 104 containers and were examined 8 weeks after planting. Stem height and were measured at 4-week intervals. In terms of fertilization treatment for 1-0 pine seedlings, the treatment group with gradually-increasing fertilizer concentration (500→1000→1000→1000mg·L-1) had the biggest increase in stem height and diameter at the root. The survey results indicated that the increased concentration treatment group and the gradually-increasing concentration treatment group had more growth compared with that in the fixed concentration treatment group. The gradually-increasing concentration treatment group (500→1000→1000→1000mg·L-1) had the highest total dry matter production. Nine weeks after fertilization, the tips of the pine leaves turned yellow in the fixed concentration treatment group (3000mg·L-1). The same phenomenon was observed in the treatment group in which the concentration was increased to 2000mg·L-1, and in the gradually-increasing concentration treatment group, when the concentration was raised up to 2000mg·L-1. We concluded that the optimal fertilization conditions for producing healthy pine 1-0 seedlings involve fertilizing once a week with Multifeed 19 at 500mg·L-1 during the seedling period, Multifeed 19 at 1000mg·L-1 during the rapid growth period, and Multifeed 32 at 1000mg·L-1 during the maturation period.

Keywords
container nursery
damages
dry weight
fertilization treatment
quality index

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 조림수종인 소나무를 대상으로 조림지 식재 후 활착률을 높이기 위하여 상대 적으로 생육이 좋은 용기묘(1-0)로 생산하고자 할 때, 기본 적인 생육환경 요인들 중 시비처리 수준에 따른 생장 반응 특성을 조사하고 이를 통하여 적정 시비 수준을 구명하고 자 실시하였다. 104구 용기에서 생육된 소나무 용기묘는 파종 후 약 8주 후부터, 4주 간격으로 간장 및 근원경을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 소나무 1-0 용기묘의 시비처리는 변형증가농도처리군의 500→1000→1000→1000mg·L-1에서 간장, 근원경 생장이 좋았으며, 전체적으로 고정농도처리 군보다 증가농도처리군과 변형증가농도처리군이 더 좋은 생장을 한 것으로 나타났다. 총건물생산량은 변형증가농 도처리군의 500→1000→1000→1000mg·L-1 처리구가 가 장 높았다. 시비처리 후 9주째부터 고정농도처리구 3000mg·L-1 시비처리에서 소나무잎의 끝부분이 노랗게 변하는 증상이 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 증상은 증가농도 처리구의 2000mg·L-1까지 농도를 증가시킨 처리구와 변 형증가농도처리군의 2000mg·L-1까지 농도를 증가 시킨 처리구에서 발견되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 소나무 1-0 용기묘 생산을 위한 시비처리는 시비는 유묘형성기에 Multifeed 19로 500mg·L-1, 빠른생장기에 Multifeed 19로 1000mg·L-1, 경화기에 Multifeed 32로 1000mg·L-1를 일 주일에 한번씩 지속적으로 실시하는 것이 우량한 용기묘 를 생산하는데 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

키워드
가시적 피해
건중량
묘목품질지수
시비 처리
시설양묘
References
1
Andrew, G. 1998. Gardening and water quality protection: understanding nitrogen fertilizers. Oregon State University.
2
Binkley, D. 1986. Forest nutrition Management. John Wiley & Sons. p. 304.
3
Bouma, T.J., K.L. Nielsen, and B. Koutstaal. 2000. Sample preparation and scanning protocol for computerised analysis of root length and diameter. Plant and Soil 218:185-196. 10.1023/A:10149051040170032-079X
10.1023/A:1014905104017
4
Byun, J.K., Y.S. Kim, M.J. Yi, Y.W. Son, C.S. Kim, J.H. Jeong, C.Y. Lee, and Y.H. Jeong. 2007. Growth response of Pinus densiflora, Larix Leptolepis, Betula platyphylla var. japonica and Quercus acutissima seedlings at various levels of fertilization. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 96(6):693-698 (in Korean).0445-4650
5
Cha, Y.G., K.S. Choi, K.S. Song, H.I. Sung, and J.J. Kim. 2017. Growth characteristics of one-year-old container seedlings of Pinus densiflora by irrigation level. Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory 26(3):167-174 (in Korean). 10.12791/KSBEC.2017.26.3.167
10.12791/KSBEC.2017.26.3.167
6
Cho, M.S., S.W. Lee, B.B. Park, and G.S. Park. 2011. The effects of fertilization on growth performances and physiological characteristics of Liriodendron tulipifera in a container nursery system. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 100(2):305-313 (in Korean).0445-4650
7
Chung, Y.S. 2009. Studies on development of connection nursery system for production of Pinus densiflora container large seedlings. PhD Thesis. Konkuk University. p. 115 (in Korean).
8
Cornea, Zane J. 1982. Nutrient and mycorrhizal effects on the root-shoot ratio of containerized ponderosa pine seedlings. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. p. 90. PhD dissertation.
9
Dickson, A., A.L. Leaf, and J.F. Hosner. 1960. Quality appraisal of white spruce and white pine seedling stock in nurseries. The Forestry Chronicle 36:10-13. 10.5558/tfc36010-10015-7546
10.5558/tfc36010-1
10
Edwards, I.K. and R.F. Huber. 1982. Contrasting approaches to containerized seedling production. In: J.B. Scarratt, C. Glerum, and C.A. Plexman (eds.). Proceedings of the Canadian Containerized Tree Seedling Symposium. Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Ontario, Canda. p. 123-127 (in Korean).
11
Hathaway, R.D. and C.E. Whitcomb. 1984. Nutrition and performance of container-grown Japanese black pine seedlings. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 2(1):9-12.0738-2898
12
Hwang, J.O., Y. Son, M.J. Yi, J.K. Byoun, J.H. Jung, and C.Y. Lee. 2003. Studies on relationship between composition and type of fertilizer and seedling I. Influence on biomass, specific leaf area and chlorophyll content. Journal of Korean Forest Energy 22(2):44-53 (in Korean).
13
Hwang, J.O., Y. Son, M.J. Yi, J.K. Byoun, J.H. Jung, and C.Y. Lee. 2005. Relationship between composition and type of fertilizer and seedling growth II. nutrient concentration of seedling components. Journal of Korean Forest Energy 24(1):13-27 (in Korean).
14
Ingestad, T. 1979. Mineral nutrient requirement of Pinus silvestris and Picea abies seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum 45:373-380. 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb02599.x0031-9317
10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb02599.x
15
Johnson, F., J. Paterson, G. Leeder, C. Mansfield, F. Pinto, and S. Watson. 1996. Artificial regeneration of Ontario's forest: species and stock selection manual. Forest Research Information Paper No. 131. Ontario, Oregon, USA. p. 51.
16
Jones, J.B. 1983. A guide for the hydroponic and soilless culture grower. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA. p. 124.
17
Kim, J.J. 2003. Species and technology of container nursery. Journal of the Forest Nurseryman Association of Korea 31:39-47 (in Korean).
18
Kim, J.J. and T.S. Yoon. 2006. Survival and growth conditions of container seedling. Journal of the Forest Nurseryman Association of Korea 34:83-93 (in Korean).
19
Kim, J.J., K.J. Lee, K.S. Song, Y.G. Cha, Y.S. Chung, J.H. Lee, and T.S. Yoon. 2010. Exploration of optimum container for production of Larix leptolepsis container seedlings. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 99:638-644 (in Korean).0445-4650
20
Kim, J.J., S.G. Hong, and T.S. Yoon. 2003. Growth responses of Pinus densiflora seedlings to high temperature in container culture. Journal of Bio-Environment Control 12:217-220 (in Korean).1229-4675
21
Kim, J.J., S.G. Hong, J.K. Yoon, and T.S. Yoon. 2002. Effect of minimum night temperature on growth of seedlings of Pinus densiflora and Betula platyphylla in container culture during winter season. Journal of Bio-Environment Control 11:163-167 (in Korean).1229-4675
22
Kwon, K.W. and J.H. Lee. 1994. Growth performances and physiological responses of Quercus spp. and Fraxinus rhynchophylla subjected to different soil moisture regimes and nutrition levels. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 83(2):164-174 (in Korean).0445-4650
23
Kwon, K.W., M.S. Cho, G.N. Kim, S.W. Lee, and K.H. Jang. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics and growth performances of containerized seedling and bare root seedling of Quercus acutissima growing at different fertilizing schemes. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 78(3):331-338 (in Korean).0445-4650
24
Landis, T.D., R.W. Tinus, S.E. McDonald, and J.P. Barnett. 1989. The container tree nursery manual. Vol. 4. Seedling nutrition and irrigation. Agriculture Handbook 674. USDA Forest Service, Washington DC, USA. p. 119.
25
Landis, T.D., R.W. Tinus, S.E. McDonald, and J.P. Barnett. 1992. The container tree nursery manual. Vol. 3. Atmospheric environment. Agriculture Handbook 674. USDA Forest Service, Washington DC, USA. p. 145.
26
Landis, T.D., R.W. Tinus, S.E. McDonald, and J.P. Barnett. 1995. The container tree nursery manual. Vol. 1. Nursery planning, development and management. Agriculture Handbook 674. USDA Forest Service, Washington DC, USA. p. 188.
27
Lee, K.J. 1993. Forest ecophysiology. Seoul National University press. p. 200 (in Korean).
28
Lim, J.Y. 2006. A study on growth of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. seedling in container. graduate school of Agriculture and Animal Science Konkuk University. p. 44 (in Korean).
29
Oh, S.S., Y.S. Kim, M.S. Park, H.C. Kim, and J.M. Choi. 2018. Changes in crop growth and nutrient concentrations of tissue and soil solution in raising of hot pepper plug seedlings as influenced by various pre-planting nitrogen levels incorporated into a inert medium. Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory 27(2):173-179 (in Korean). 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.2.173
10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.2.173
30
Park, B.B., J.K. Byun, W.S. Kim, and J.H. Sung. 2010. Growth and tissue nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at a nursery culture. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 99(1):85-95 (in Korean).0445-4650
31
Proe, M.F. and P. Millard. 1994. Relationship between nutrient supply, nitrgen partitioning and growth in young Sitka spruce (Picea sitchesis). Tree Physiology 14:75-88. 10.1093/treephys/14.1.75149676350829-318X
10.1093/treephys/14.1.7514967635
32
Scarratt, J.B. 1986. An evaluation of some commercial soluble fertilizers for culture of jack pine container stock. Inf. Rep. O-X-377. Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre. p. 21.
33
Seith, B., E. George, H. Marschner, T. Wallenda, C. Schaeffer, W. Einig, A. Wingler, and R. Hampp. 1996. Effects of varied soil nitrogen on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) ?. Shoot and root growth and nutrient uptake. Plant Soil 184:291-298. 10.1007/BF000104580032-079X
10.1007/BF00010458
34
Shin, J.A., Y. Son, S.G. Hong, and Y.K. Kim. 1999. Effect of N and P fertilization on nutrient use efficiency of Pinus densiflora,Larix leptolepis, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica seedlings. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 18(4):304-309 (in Korean).
35
Sung, H.I. 2011. Effects of shading and fertilizing treatment on qualities of 1-year-old container seedlings of Quercusmyrsinaefolia. PhD Thesis. Konkuk University. p. 113 (in Korean).
36
Timmer, V.R. and G. Armstrong. 1987. Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinus resinosa at exponentilly increasing nutrient additions. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17(7):644-647. 10.1139/x87-1050045-5067
10.1139/x87-105
37
Won, H.K., Y.Y. Lee, J.H. Jeong, K.S. Koo, C.H. Lee, S.W. Lee, Y.H. Jeong, C.S. Kim, and H.H. Kim. 2006. Fertilization effects on soil properties, understory vegetation structure and growth of Pinus densiflora seedlings planted after forest fires. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 95(3):334-341 (in Korean).0445-4650
38
Yoon, T.S. 2002. Studies on production of high-quality containerized seedlings by applying air-root pruning. PhD Thesis. Konkuk University. p. 85 (in Korean).
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory
  • Journal Title(Ko) :시설원예ㆍ식물공장
  • Volume : 28
  • No :1
  • Pages :66-77
  • Received Date : 2018-11-21
  • Revised Date : 2018-01-08
  • Accepted Date : 2018-01-16
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2019.28.1.66
Journal Informaiton Journal of Bio-Environment Control Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crossref funder-registry
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close