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2019 Vol.28, Issue 2 Preview Page
Effects of Wind Net Shading and Sprinkling on Growing Conditions and Fruit Quality in ‘Hongro’ and ‘Fuji’ Apple Fruits

방풍망 차광시설 및 미세살수 처리가 ‘홍로’ 및 ‘후지’ 사과나무의 생육환경 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향

Kyeong-Jin Kang1
,
Jeong-Hak Seo1
,
Hong-Ki Yoon1
,
Jeong-Seok Seo1
,
Taek-Yong Choi1
,
Jong-Pil Chun2*
강 경진1
,
서 정학1
,
윤 홍기1
,
서 정석1
,
최 택용1
,
천 종필2*
1Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Service, Yesan, Chungnam 32418, Korea
2Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
1충남농업기술원 원예연구과
2충남대학교 원예학과
*Corresponding author: jpchun@cnu.ac.kr
30 April 2019. pp. 126-133
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Abstract

In recent years, the deterioration of fruit quality caused by poor coloration and sunburn disorder has become serious problems in apple market, which is a result of the increase of surface temperature due to the abnormal temperature increase during summer season. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wind net shading and fine water spray using sprinkler on fruit coloration, sunburn damage and overall fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Hongro’ apples. Fifteen sprinklers (7L/hr) were installed at the orchard of the Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, located in Sinam-myeon Chungcheongnam-do Korea, at a height of 3m above the apple tree of 1.5m x 3.5m north-south direction. Fine water spraying treatment was divided into day time spray (10:00 am to 6:00 pm) and all day spray (10:00 am to 10:00 pm) from early July to 10 days before harvest in 2017 and 2018 season, respectively. Temperature of the surface of apple fruit, characteristic of fruit, and degree of sunburn damage were investigated. In ‘Fuji’, the fruit surface temperature checked at 2 pm on August 10 was decreased considerably in the day time spray (35.6°C) and wind net (39.0°C) when compared with the untreated control (44.4°C). Similarly, the fruit surface temperature also decreased considerably in the all day spray (35.1°C) and wind net (36.9°C) treatments when compared with the untreated control (46.5°C) in ‘Hongro’ apples. The incidence of sunburn disorder was significantly decreased with day time spray (5.0%), all day spray (5.8%) and wind net (7.0%) when compared with untreated control (23.4%) in ‘Fuji’ apples. As a results, the treatment of fine water spray and wind net consequently showed 26% and 34% increase of redness (a*) value in the skin color difference, respectively, in ‘Fuji’ apples.

Keywords
temperature
Malus domestica
soluble solids
skin color

사과 표면의 온도 측정 결과, ‘후지’ 품종에서 무처리 구가 44°C로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 미세살수 처리구가 35°C로 가장 낮아 사과의 표면온도를 직접적으로 낮추 는데 가장 효과적이었고, ‘홍로’ 품종에서는 방풍망 처리 구가 무처리구에 비해 약 9°C의 온도하강 효과를 나타 내었다.

조도 및 광량은 방풍망 처리구가 53.263lx로 무처리 구의 90.283lx에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다. 그리고 오후 시간의 햇볕은 파장이 긴 적색광으로 과 실의 품온이 증가하고 광합성량이 증가되는 반면 과 실의 호흡량이 증가하여 색소 발현 및 저장양분의 축 적에 저해요인으로 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 방풍망을 이용한 차광으로 빛의 강도와 온도를 인위 적으로 낮추어 광포화점이 발생하지 않는 정도에서 충분한 채광시간과 효율적인 광합성작용을 유도 하는 것이 과실품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 판단되 었다. ‘후지’와 ‘홍로’의 최대양자수율 Fv/Fm 값이 다 른 처리들보다 무처리구에서 0.74로 가장 낮은 것으 로 조사되었는데 이는 미세살수, 방풍망 처리구가 무 처리구에 비해 높은 광합성 효율을 나타내고 있음을 시사하였다.

‘후지’의 일소피해 조사결과 미세살수 처리구는 5%, 방풍망 처리구는 7%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약 15% 경감되었고 ‘홍로’의 경우는 미세살수 처리구는 22%, 방풍망 처리구는 25%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발 생이 약 7% 감소하였다. ‘홍로’의 일소피해 발생이 ‘후지’ 에 비해서 높았던 이유는 ‘홍로’가 ‘후지’보다 비대 속도 가 빠르며 광을 받는 과실 표면의 면적이 상대적으로 컸기 때문으로 판단되었다.

착색지수 중 적색도(a*)의 경우 ‘후지’ 품종에서 무처 리구에 비하여 미세살수와 방풍망 처리구가 각각 26% 및 34%로 착색향상을 개선할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 사과 주요 품종에 대한 미세살수 및 방풍망 처리는 추후 기후변화로 인인 사과생육기 고온증상으로 발생할 수 있는 과실일소 및 착색불량 등 과실품질저해 요인을 저감할 수 있는 현장적용이 가능한 기술로 판단 되었고, 또한 이로 인한 상품성 증가로 농가 소득증대에 기여할 것으로 판단되었다.

키워드
사과
온도
가용성고형물
과피착색
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
  • Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
  • Journal Title :Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory
  • Journal Title(Ko) :시설원예ㆍ식물공장
  • Volume : 28
  • No :2
  • Pages :126-133
  • Received Date : 2019-03-18
  • Revised Date : 2019-04-04
  • Accepted Date : 2019-04-08
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2019.28.2.126
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