Growth,  Yield,  and Leaf-macronutrient Content of Grafted Cherry Tomatoes as Influenced by Rootstocks in Semi-forcing Hydroponics

Hyewon Lee; Hyo Bong Jeong; Jun Gu Lee; Indeok Hwang; Deok Ho Kwon; Yul Kyun Ahn

doi:10.12791/KSBEC.2023.32.1.040

All Issue

2023 Vol.32, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Original Articles

Growth, Yield, and Leaf-macronutrient Content of Grafted Cherry Tomatoes as Influenced by Rootstocks in Semi-forcing Hydroponics 반촉성 수경재배시 대목에 따른 방울토마토 접목묘의 생육, 수량 및 엽 내 양분 함량

31 January 2023. pp. 40-47

PDF XML

Abstract

There are many different types of cultivation in tomatoes for year-round production. One of them, semi-forcing cultivation is characterized by growing seedlings in winter season. If grafted seedlings are used in winter season that energy cost can be reduced, because they have tolerance to cold stress. This study was conducted to analyze the rootstock performance by measuring the growth, yield, and leaf-macronutrient content of cherry tomatoes grown in semi-forcing hydroponics. Three domestic rootstocks ‘HSF4’, ‘21LM’, ‘21A701’, and a control cultivar ‘B-blocking’ were grafted onto jujube-shaped cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) commercial cultivar ‘Nonari’. The total yield per plant with grafted cherry tomato ‘21A701’ was 3,387g, which was 11%, 22% and 24% higher than the yield with ‘B-blocking’, non-grafted one and ‘HSF4’. The stem diameter of ‘21A701’ was thick with 8.26mm, whereas non-grafted one was thin with 7.23mm at 160 days after transplanting. The flowering position of ‘21LM’ was 34% and 47% higher than the flowering position of ‘B-blocking’ and non-grafted one at 153 days after transplanting. The NO₃-N concentration in petiole sap of ‘21LM’ was the highest with 1,746mg·L^-1 and non-grafted one and ‘HSF4’ were the lowest with 1,252mg·L^-1 and 1,245mg·L^-1 at 167 days after transplanting. The results indicated that rootstock/scion combinations in cherry tomatoes can affect the plant growth, yield, and the concentration of different NO₃-N in leaves at the late growth stage. Both ‘21A701’ and ‘21LM’ have vigorous root system, which influence the growth and yield increased.

Keywords

flowering position

Lycopersicon esculentum L.

stem diameter

vigorous root system

year-round production

토마토 재배 작형 중 반촉성재배는 저온기 육묘가 특징으로 저온에 내성을 갖는 접목묘를 사용하면 겨울철 난방비를 절감할 수 있다. 본 연구는 반촉성 수경재배 시 방울토마토 대목 종류에 따라 나타나는 생육과 수량 변화를 비교 분석하고 엽 내 양분 함량을 측정하여 국내에서 육성한 대목의 성능을 검정하고자 수행하였다. 실험 재료로는 대목 계통 ‘HSF4’, ‘21LM’, ‘21A701’과 대조 대목품종 ‘B-blocking’을 사용하였으며, 접수 품종으로 대추방울토마토 ‘Nonari’를 사용하여 접목 처리구 4개와 비접목 처리구 1개를 실험에 사용하였다. 정식 후 160일에 ‘21A701’ 대목 처리구의 줄기직경은 8.26mm로 대조 대목 처리구인 ‘B-blocking’보다 0.27mm 더 두꺼웠고 비접목 처리구는 7.23mm로 얇았다. 정식 후 153일에 ‘21LM’ 처리구의 개화위치는 18.0cm로 ‘B-blocking’보다 6.2cm 더 높았고, 비접목 처리구는 9.6cm로 낮았다. ‘21A701’의 주당 총 수량은 3,387g으로 ‘B-blocking’보다 11% 높았고 비접목 처리구와 ‘HSF4’보다 각각 22%와 24% 더 높았다. 정식 후 167일에 ‘21LM’의 NO₃-N 농도는 1,746mg·L^-1로 높았고 비접목 처리구와 ‘HSF4’는 각각 1,252mg·L^-1와 1,245mg·L^-1으로 낮았다. ‘21A701’과 ‘21LM’은 뿌리 활력이 강해 생장과 수량이 다른 처리구에 비해 증가한 것으로 판단된다. ‘HSF4’의 주당 총 수량이 적은 이유는 접목 친화성이 낮아 양수분의 이동이 약하고 이에 따라 생장과 엽내 질산태 질소 함량이 감소한 것으로 판단된다. 처리 간 수량과 생육 정도가 생육 후기 엽내 양분 함량과 비슷한 양상을 보여 엽병 즙액 분석을 통해 대목의 성능을 분석할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

키워드

개화위치

뿌리 활력

연중 생산

줄기직경

Lycopersicon esculentum L.

References

Adams S.R., K.E. Cockshull, and C.R.J. Cave 2001, Effect of temperature on the growth and development of tomato fruits. Ann Bot 88:869-877. doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1524 10.1006/anbo.2001.1524

Albornoz F., M. Gebauer, C. Ponce, and R.A. Cabeza 2018, LeNRT1.1 Improves nitrate uptake in grafted tomato plants under high nitrogen demand. Int J Mol Sci 19:3921. doi:10.3390/ijms19123921 10.3390/ijms1912392130544504PMC6321218

Beverly R.B. 1994, Stem sap testing as a real-time guide to tomato seedling nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 25:1045-1056. doi:10.1080/00103629409369097 10.1080/00103629409369097

Bischoff M., A.M. Hiar, and R.F. Turco 1996, Evaluation of nitrate analysis using test strips: comparison with two analytical laboratory methods. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 27:2765-2774. doi:10.1080/00103629609369739 10.1080/00103629609369739

Criddle R.S., B.N. Smith, and L.D. Hansen 1997, A respiration based description of plant growth rate responses to temperature. Planta 201:441-445. doi:10.1007/s004250050087 10.1007/s004250050087

Goto R., A. Miguel, J.I. Marsal, E. Gorbe, and A. Calatayud 2013, Effect of different rootstocks on growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence and mineral composition of two grafted scions of tomato. J Plant Nutr 36:825-835. doi:10.1080/01904167.2012.757321 10.1080/01904167.2012.757321

Hochmuth G. 1994, Plant petiole sap-testing for vegetable crops. UF/IFAS Extension, University of Florida, FL, USA.

Huang Y., J. Li, B. Hua, Z. Liu, M. Fan, and Z. Bie 2013, Grafting onto different rootstocks as a means to improve watermelon tolerance to low potassium stress. Sci Hortic 149:80-85. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.009 10.1016/j.scienta.2012.02.009

Huang Y., L. Zhao, Q. Kong, F. Cheng, M. Niu, J. Xie, A.N. Muhammad, and Z. Bie 2016, Comprehensive mineral nutrition analysis of watermelon grafted onto two different rootstocks. Hortic Plant J 2:105-113. doi:10.1016/j.hpj.2016.06.003 10.1016/j.hpj.2016.06.003

KAMIS 2022, https://www.kamis.or.kr/customer/price/wholesale/catalogue.do?action=monthly Accessed 22 December 2022 (in Korean)

Kim S.E., S.Y. Sim, S.D. Lee, and Y.S. Kim 2010, Appropriate root-zone temperature control in perlite bag culture of tomato during winter season. Hortic Sci Technol 28:783-789. (in Korean)

KMA approval database 2022, https://data.kma.go.kr/ Accessed 22 December 2022 (in Korean)

KOSIS 2020, Korean Statistical Information Service. https://kosis.kr/index/index.do Accessed 22 December 2022 (in Korean)

Latifah E., A. Krismawati, M. Saeri, Z. Arifin, B. Warsiati, D. Setyorini, P.E.R. Prahardini, H. Subagio, D. Sihombing, S.S Antarlina, E. Widaryanto, and M.D. Maghfoer 2021, Analysis of plant growth and yield in varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grafted onto different eggplant rootstocks. Hindawi Int J Agron 2021:1-11. doi:10.1155/2021/6630382 10.1155/2021/6630382

Lee J.B., S.C. Koh, B.Y. Moon, I.H. Park, H.B. Park, and H.S. Chun 2016, Plant physiology (Korean edition). Lifescience, Seoul, Korea, pp 42-43. (in Korean)

Llanderal A., P. García-Caparrós, J. Pérez-Alonso, J.I. Contreras, M.L. Segura, J. Reca, and M.T. Lao 2020, Approach to petiole sap nutritional diagnosis method by empirical model based on climatic and growth parameters. Agronomy 10:188. doi:10.3390/agronomy10020188 10.3390/agronomy10020188

Monte J.A., D.F. Carvalho, L.O. Medici, L.D.B. Silva, and C. Pimentel 2013, Growth analysis and yield of tomato crop under different irrigation depths. R Bras Eng Agríc Ambiental 17:926-931. doi:10.1590/S1415-43662013000900003 10.1590/S1415-43662013000900003

Ploeg D.V., and E. Heuvelink 2005, Influence of sub-optimal temperature on tomato growth and yield: a review. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 80:652-659. doi:10.1080/14620316.2005.11511994 10.1080/14620316.2005.11511994

Pogonyi A., Z. Pek, L. Helyes and A. Lugasi 2005, Effect of grafting on the tomato's yield, quality and main fruit components in spring forcing. Acta Aliment 34:453-462. doi:10.1556/aalim.34.2005.4.12 10.1556/AAlim.34.2005.4.12

RDA 2018, TOMATO. Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea, pp 47-49. (in Korean)

Rodrigo M.C., J. Ginestar, M. Boix, and C. Ramos 2005, Evaluation of rapid methods for nitrate plant sap analysis of globe artichoke grown in sand culture. Acta Hortic 697:393-397. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.697.50

Romano D., and A. Paratore 2001, Effects of grafting on tomato and eggplant. Acta Hortic 559:149-154. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.559.21

Sharma V., P. Kumar, P. Sharma, N.D. Negi, A. Singh, P.K. Sharma, N.S. Dhillon, and B. Vats 2019, Rootstock and scion compatibility studies in tomato under protected conditions. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 8:1188-1197. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.697.50 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.697.50

Soe D.W., Z.Z. Win, A.A. Thwe, and K.T. Myint 2018, Effect of different rootstocks on plant growth, development and yield of grafted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). J Agric Res 5:30-38.

Stradiot P., and P. Battistel 2003, Improved plant management with localized crop heating and advice on distance in the Mediterranean climate. Acta Hortic 614:461-467. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.614.69 10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.614.69

Suchoff D.H., P. Perkins-Veazie, H.W. Sederoff, J.R. Schultheis, M.D. Kleinhenz, F.J. Louws, and C.C. Gunter 2018, Grafting the indeterminate tomato cultivar Moneymaker onto multifort rootstock improves cold tolerance. HortScience 53:1610-1617. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13311-18 10.21273/HORTSCI13311-18

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control
Publisher(Ko) :(사)한국생물환경조절학회
Journal Title :Journal of Bio-Environment Control
Journal Title(Ko) :생물환경조절학회지
Volume : 32
No :1
Pages :40-47
Received Date : 2022-12-27
Revised Date : 2023-01-17
Accepted Date : 2023-01-18
DOI :https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2023.32.1.040

Journal of Bio-Environment Control ISSN:1229-4675(Print) 2765-3641(Online) 생물환경조절학회지

All Issue